Toward an Integrated Theory of Lexicon, Based on English and Japanese Corpora

通过对日语和英语词汇的语义结构和句法结构的研究，试图建立一个以动词、名词和形容词为重点的词汇综合理论。结果被合并到项目报告，其中包括14个文件安排在三个部分。在第一部分（词汇和语法）中，它被证明，首先，形态规则不仅适用于词汇，而且还适用于句法成分;第二，有一个特殊的形态类别称为“词加”，在单词和短语之间的桥梁;第三，所谓的论元继承是由动词的词汇概念结构和名词的感受质结构执行的。第二部分（词汇与动词的语义结构）指出，词汇素质转换的本质在于词汇概念结构中的反使役化、去使役化、使役化和方位推进等语义操作，词汇概念结构中物理方位和抽象状态的统一表征为语言系统独立于心理感知提供了证据。在第三部分（词汇与名词和形容词的语义结构）中，我们提出动词的词汇概念结构表征可以并入某些名词和形容词的感受质结构表征中。这是对动词名物化和其他现象的一个重要概括。英语可以直接利用名词感受质结构的Telic和Recognitive作用，而日语只能通过复合词等形态手段间接地利用语义结构。本课题对名词和形容词的研究尚属初步和粗略，有待于进一步的研究。

By investigating the semantic and syntactic structures of Japanese and English vocabularies, attempts have been made to develop an integrated theory of the lexicon with emphasis on verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Results are combined into the Project Report which comprises fourteen papers arranged in three parts. In Part I (The Lexicon and Syntax), it is demonstrated, first, that morphological rules apply not only to the lexicon but also to the syntactic component ; second, that there is a special morphological category called "Word Plus" that bridges between words and phrases ; and third, that the so-called argument inheritance is executed by the lexical conceptual structure of verbs and the qualia structure of nouns. In Part II (The Lexicon and the Semantic Structure of Verbs), it is shown that the nature of lexical diathesis alternation lies in semantic operations like anti-causativization, de-causativization, causativization, and locative promotion in lexical conceptual structure, and that the unified representation of physical location and abstract state in lexical conceptual structure provides evidence that language system is independent of psychological perceptions. In Part III (The Lexicon and the Semantic Structure of Nouns and Adjectives), it is suggested that the lexical conceptual structure representation of verbs be incorporated into the qualia structure representations of certain nouns and adjectives. This captures a significant generalization for verb nominalizations and other phenomena. It is also found that English can directly access the Telic and Agentive roles of nouns' qualia structure whereas Japanese refers to the semantic structure only indirectly by way of compounding and other morphological means. The study of nouns and adjectives in this project is admittedly preliminary and sketchy, and needs to be elaborated in the future.