NEO-LIBERALISM AND EUROPEAN CAPITALISM AFTER WORLD WAR II(1945-1973)

在课题期间的研究中，我们阐述了新自由主义对二战后欧洲国家资本主义经济体制改革的贡献。许多信奉新自由主义的经济学家（包括哈耶克）和商人加入了沃尔特·李普曼小组，参加了1947年成立的佩雷林山协会。20世纪80年代以前，新自由主义通过佩雷林山会的活动所形成的新自由主义网络，反映在欧美国家的真实的经济政策中。新的政治理念，德国联邦银行的建立及其对西方的汇率政策，体现了一种重视市场原则的自由主义思想德国、法国中央银行的信贷和货币政策以及美国银行体系的改革。在二战后欧洲一体化进程中，新自由主义思想影响了欧洲煤钢共同体和欧洲经济共同体的谈判者。但在这些政策形成的过程中，我们发现了新自由主义者对政府干预市场和控制垄断的不同观点。值得注意的是，他们的观点的差异不仅来自他们的想法，而且还来自他们所处的经济和政治环境。

In our researches during the term of project, we have explained the contribution of neo-liberalism to the reformation of capital economic systems after World War II in European countries. Many economists (including Hayek) and businessmen believing in neo-liberalism who joined in Colloque de Walter Lippmann, participated in the Mont Perelin Society founded in 1947. Through the network of neo-liberalist which was formed by the activities of the Mont Perelin Society, neo-liberalism has been reflected on the real economic policies of the European and American countries before the 1980s.About the reform of central bank, the political conception of neo-liberalism which makes great account of the market principle was incorporated in the establishment of German Federal Bank and its exchange policy in West Germany, the credit and monetary policy of the central bank in France and the reform of banking system in the United States of America. In the process of the European integration after world, war II, neo-liberalism has influenced the negotiators of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Economic Community. But we have found the various opinions about the governmental intervention in market and about the control of monopolization among the neo-liberalists in these processes of policy formation. It is remarkable that the difference of there opinions came from not only their ideas but also the economic and political situations where they found themselves.