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Development of High-performance Hydrogen Storage Materials by introducing Nano-interstitial Spaces Sites by Mechanical Ball Milling

通过机械球磨引入纳米间隙位点开发高性能储氢材料

基本信息

批准号：
14350371
负责人：
FUJII Hironobu
金额：
$ 9.54万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For realizing hydrogen energy systems in near future, we have to establish suitable energy storage and transportation technologies. One of the key technologies on that way is the development of high performance hydrogen storage (H-storage) systems. It is well-known that conventional metal hydride systems can store more hydrogen than in liquid hydrogen or high-pressure hydrogen in a safe and efficient way. However, those materials are too heavy for commercial applications. In this research project, we studied hydrogen storage properties of new three types of materials using lighter elements to overcome the disadvantage of heavy weight. The one is that in lithium nitride system, where the ball milled 1:1 mixture of lithium amide and lithium hydride containing a small amount of TiCl_3 reversibly absorbed/desorbed a large amount of hydrogen (〜6 wt.%) in the temperature from 150 to 250 ℃. The second is that in the nanostructured graphite, where the graphite prepared by ball milling under H_2 gas atmosphere absorbed hydrogen up to 7.4 wt% and the H-desorption curve showed two peak structures around 610 K and 950 K. However, the temperatures of their peaks could not make lowered by any catalysts. Still, it needs a breakthrough to modify H-storage properties. The third one is that in the nano-composite magnesium hydride, where Ni metal and Nb oxide doped magnesium hydrides indicated superior H-storage properties. That is ; a large amount of hydrogen (6 wt%) was desorbed in temperature range from 150 to 250℃ under a heating rate of 5 ℃/min. This value indicates to be useful in practice.

为了在不久的将来实现氢能系统，我们必须建立合适的能量储存和运输技术。其中一项关键技术是开发高性能的储氢系统。众所周知，传统的金属氢化物系统可以以安全和有效的方式储存比液态氢或高压氢更多的氢。然而，这些材料对于商业应用来说太重。在本研究项目中，我们研究了三种新材料的储氢性能，使用较轻的元素，以克服重量大的缺点。一种是在氮化锂体系中，球磨的氨基化锂和氢化锂的1：1混合物中含有少量的TiCl_3，可逆地吸/脱附了大量的氢（~ 6 wt.%）在150 ~ 250 ℃的温度范围内，第二种是在纳米结构石墨中，氢气氛下球磨制备的石墨吸氢量高达7.4wt%，氢解吸曲线在610 K和950 K附近呈现双峰结构。但是，任何催化剂都不能使它们的峰温降低。然而，它需要一个突破，以修改H-存储性能。第三，在纳米复合氢化镁中，金属Ni和Nb氧化物掺杂的氢化镁显示出上级的储氢性能。那就是;在150 ~ 250℃、升温速率为5 ℃/min的条件下，有大量的氢气（6wt%）脱附，具有实用价值。