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Total recycle of waste plastics by combined process using supercritical fluids as extraction and reaction media

以超临界流体为萃取和反应介质的组合工艺对废塑料进行全面回收

基本信息

批准号：
14350420
负责人：
GOTO Motonobu
金额：
$ 9.47万
依托单位：
Kumamoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Fundamental technology for the recycle process of waste plastics by using supercritical fluids was developed. For depolymerization of PET in supercritical methanol, reaction mechanism was revealed and kinetics was analyzed. Monomerization from low molecular polymer was rate-limiting step in whole depolymerization process from polymer to monomers. The influence of mass transfer between polymer melt and supercritical fluid phase is shown and the importance of agitation is indicated. Kinetic analysis based on consecutive reaction gave the reaction rate constants. In collaboration with Industry, the depolymerization in pilot scale was successfully demonstrated, where recycled PET bottle produced from depolymerizaed monomers from waste PET bottle was shown to be similar quality to virgin one. Monomerization of nylon 6 and nylon 12 was studied in supercritical water. It was shown that the monomerization proceed in supercritical water by hydrolysis and cyclodehydration. The reaction conditions were optimized and the reaction mechanism was revealed. For FRP(fiber reinforced plastics), decomposition in supercritical water and sub- and supercritical DGMM, it was found that unsaturated polyester in FRP can be decomposed to dissolve in solvent and fiber can be recovered. For phenoric resin used in electric printed board, supercritical water was able to decompose into monomers such as phenols and cresols. As an extraction process, supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract flame retardant contained in electric circuit board. Triphenyl phosphate which is one of the flame retardant, was easily extracted and the extraction behavior was analyzed.

开发了利用超临界流体回收废塑料的基础技术。研究了PET在超临界甲醇中的解聚反应机理，并对反应动力学进行了分析。低分子聚合物的单体化是整个聚合物解聚过程的限速步骤。分析了聚合物熔体与超临界流体相间传质的影响，指出搅拌的重要性。基于连续反应的动力学分析给出了反应速率常数。与工业界合作，在中试规模上成功地进行了解聚，其中从废弃PET瓶中解聚单体生产的回收PET瓶显示出与原始PET瓶相似的质量。研究了尼龙6和尼龙12在超临界水中的单体反应。结果表明，在超临界水中通过水解和环脱水进行单体反应。优化了反应条件，揭示了反应机理。对于FRP（纤维增强塑料），在超临界水和亚、超临界DGMM中分解，发现FRP中的不饱和聚酯可以分解溶解在溶剂中，纤维可以回收。对于用于电印制板的酚醛树脂，超临界水能够分解成酚类和甲酚类等单体。采用超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取电路板中的阻燃剂。磷酸三苯酯是一种易于提取的阻燃剂，并对其提取行为进行了分析。