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Studies on Role of Soil Microorganisms in Organic Nitrogen Uptake by Plants

土壤微生物在植物吸收有机氮中的作用研究

基本信息

批准号：
14360041
负责人：
UENO Hideto
金额：
$ 5.5万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14360041/
关键词：
Soil Microorganisms Rice ^<15>N ^<13>C Organic Nitrogen Uptake Soil Microbial Biomass Tracer method elements recycling ^<15>N ^<13>C

项目摘要

Green house experiments were conducted in order to analyze C and N dynamics in soil, including organic nitrogen uptake by rice plant. For tracing C and N in soil, ^<13>C and ^<15>N labeled materials with low or high molecular weight were used such as ^<13>C-glucose, ^<15>NH4CL and ^<13>C and ^<15>N dual-labeled rice straw compost, bacteria, and fungi In experiment 1, the recovery percentages of rice uptake of ^<13>C from glucose applied into the soil at the basal fertilization were 1.8 % in root, 0.8 % in leaf and stem, and 0.9% in ear, indicating paddy rice absorbed a significant amount of C by root. On the other hand in nitrogen, higher recovery was observed as following, root (9.2 %), leaf and stem (16.2 %), and ear (27.2 %). The half life period of ^<13>C at early and mid growth stage was 16 and 210 days, respectively. It indicated that the ^<13>C in glucose was quickly absorbed and metabolized by soil microbes but the secondary metabolic products had a lower turnover rates. In experiment 2, recovery rate of plant uptake of C from rice straw compost were 2.23 % in root, 1.35 % in leaf and stem, and 1.16 % in ear. In experiment 3, ^<13>C in bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) applied was distributed to 2.13 % in root, 7.41 % in leaf and stem, and 4.94 % in ear. Higher distribution was observed in ^<13>C in fungi (Aspergillus nigar) as 19.3 % in root, 2.61 % in leaf and stem, and 24.0 % in ear. These results indicate that rice plant took up C more favorably at 4-13 times from soil microbes than glucose or rice straw compost. Therefore, soil microorganisms possibly play not only a role of decomposer but also that of important substrates for direct absorption by rice root.

为了分析土壤碳氮动态，包括水稻植株对有机氮的吸收，进行了温室试验。跟踪C和N在土壤,^ < 13 > C和^ < > 15 N标记或高分子量较低的材料被使用,如^ < 13 >比较,^ < 15 > NH4CL和^ < 13 > C和^ < 15 > N dual-labeled稻草堆肥,细菌和真菌在实验1中,水稻吸收的复苏百分比^ < 13 > C从葡萄糖应用到土壤根基底受精的1.8%,0.8%在叶和茎,在耳朵和0.9%,表明水稻根吸收大量的C。另一方面，氮的回收率较高，分别为根（9.2%）、叶和茎（16.2%）和穗（27.2%）。^<13>C在生长早期和中期的半衰期分别为16和210 d。说明葡萄糖中的^<13>C被土壤微生物迅速吸收和代谢，但其次生代谢产物周转率较低。试验2中，水稻秸秆堆肥植株对C的吸收回收率为根2.23%，叶和茎1.35%，穗1.16%。试验3施菌（枯草芽孢杆菌）中^<13>C分布在根中2.13%，叶和茎中7.41%，穗中4.94%。^<13>C在黑曲霉（Aspergillus nigar）中分布较高，在根中占19.3%，在叶和茎中占2.61%，在穗中占24.0%。这些结果表明，水稻植株对土壤微生物碳的吸收是葡萄糖和秸秆堆肥的4 ~ 13倍。因此，土壤微生物可能不仅扮演着分解者的角色，而且还扮演着水稻根系直接吸收的重要基质。