Assessment of Adverse Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Abalone Stocks

利用日本32个地点的鲍鱼标本，对全国范围内的鲍鱼内分泌干扰进行了调查。对卵睾丸及相关性腺异常进行组织病理学检查。用GC-FPD分析测定了丁基锡和苯基锡化合物的组织浓度。雌性卵-睾丸的发生率在0-19%之间。在鲍鱼标本的组织中检测到低浓度的丁胺素和苯胺素。头部检测到的有机锡浓度通常高于肌肉。组织中有机锡的浓度似乎与雌性卵睾丸的发生率呈正相关。三个月的三丁基锡（TBT）暴露实验（名义浓度为50和500 ng/L以及对照）导致雌性卵巢发生精子。海水中TBT浓度与雌虫卵睾丸发生率或卵睾丸程度之间是否存在浓度依赖关系尚不清楚。对日本某有机锡污染海域的成年鲍鱼产卵数、受精率、孵化率、正常发育率、幼虫存活率和成功定植率、幼鱼存活率和生长率进行了评价。实验计算了三苯基锡（TBT）和三苯基锡（TPT）对三种鲍鱼受精卵和幼虫的EC_<50>值。日本近岸海域检测到的TBT浓度局部高于EC_<50>。采用水肺潜水法评价了日本某有机锡污染地点幼鲍鱼的捕捞现状，分析了成年鲍鱼数量与幼鲍鱼定居数量之间的关系。

A country-wide survey on endocrine disruption in abalone was done, using abalone specimens from 32 sites of Japan. Ovo-testis and related gonadal abnormalities were histopathologically examined. Tissue concentrations of butyltin and phenyltin compounds were also analyzed and measured by GC-FPD. Percentages occurrence of ovo-testis in females were in the range of 0-19%. Low concentrations of butyltins and phenyltins were detected in tissues of abalone specimens. Organotin concentrations detected in the head were generally higher than those in muscle. Organotin concentrations in tissue seemed to be positively correlated with percentages occurrence of ovo-testis in females.Three-month flow-through exposure experiments of tributyltin (TBT) (nominal concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/L as well as a control) resulted in spermatogenesis in ovary of females. A concentration-dependent manner was unclear between TBT concentration in seawater and percentage occurrence or the degree of ovo-testis in females.The number of eggs spawned by adult abalone, fertilization rates, hatching rates, normally developing rates, survival rates and successfully settling-down rates of larvae, survival rates and growth rates of juveniles were evaluated in an organotin-contaminated site of Japan.EC_<50> values of TBT and triphenyltin (TPT) to fertilized eggs and larvae of three species of abalone were also experimentally calculated. TBT concentrations detected in Japanese inshore waters were locally higher than the EC_<50> values.Scuba diving was also done to evaluate the current status of recruitment of juvenile abalone in an organotin-contaminated site of Japan, and the relation between the number of adults and juveniles settled down there was analyzed.