Development of Environment Friendly Aquafeed

本研究旨在为开发利用植物蛋白源的环保型水产饲料提供必要的基础信息。为了开发无高密度配制优质动物蛋白源(如鱼粉)的低污染排泄型饲料，以水产养殖品种黄鱼、黄鱼、虹鱼、鲤鱼为原料，对转基因生物和多种鱼粉中的豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的利用率和安全性进行了测定。为开发生态饲料进行了一系列饲养试验，即饲料成分磷吸收率的测定和植物蛋白源与鱼粉组合的低排放饲料的研制。对转基因生物制成的豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的有效性和安全性进行了测定，并对蚕蛹粉的有效成分进行了检测。为了减少鱼的氮、磷的排泄，试验了饲料中脂肪对蛋白质的节约作用，结果表明，豆粕、玉米蛋白粉等含磷较低的植物配料配方可以在不影响鱼类生长的前提下，减少磷的排泄。饲粮中添加较高水平的脂肪可通过节约蛋白质的作用降低氮的排泄量。来自转基因生物的豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的利用率与真正的非转基因植物没有什么不同。

This research was conducted to gather some basic information necessary for the development of environment friendly aquafeed using with plant protein sources. The availability and safety of the soybean meal and corn gluten meal from gene modified organisms and the many variety of fish meal were determined using with aquaculture species, yellowtail, red sea bream, rainbow trout and carp in order to develop the low pollutant excretion feed without high density formulation of good quality animal protein sources, such as fish meal.A series of feeding experiments were conducted to develop eco-diets, namely, determination of the absorption of phosphorus from feed ingredients, and development of the low discharge feed in combination of plant protein sources and fish meal. Also the availability and safety of soybean meal and corn gluten meal made of gene modified organisms were determined, and efficient component of silk worm pupae meal also examined. Promotion of protein sparing effect by dietary lipid in yellowtail was tested to reduce the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus.Formula of plant ingredients which contain lower phosphorus, such as soybean meal and corn gluten meal could produce the diet which reduce the excretion of phosphorus without of reduction of growth of fish. And inclusion of high amount of dietary lipid made success in decent of nitrogen excretion by protein sparing effect. The availability of soybean meal and corn gluten meal derived from gene-modified organisms was not different from that of authentic non-gene modified plants.