Comparative study of roles of agriculture and countryside in a recycling - oriented society

这项研究的目的是阐明农业和农村在循环型社会中的一些重要作用。这项研究的结果可以总结如下。(1)农业和农村在循环型社会中发挥着非常重要的作用，但并不完全以循环为导向。机械化农业的现代化使粮食的大规模生产和消费成为可能。但它也打破了农业和农村正在运作的回收链。农业和农村要在新型循环经济体系中振兴。(2)畜牧业现代化带来了严重的畜禽粪便问题。在存栏率较高的荷兰和贝尔吉姆，要求减少表格上的牲畜数量，以减少牲畜废物的环境负担。在日本，需要恢复畜牧业和田间业之间的物质循环。(3)日本大量进口动物饲料。这是c…牲畜消耗的更多，被转化为动物粪便并堆积起来。进口饲料正在增加生活垃圾。来自世界其他地区的材料似乎是单向流动的。(4)将禽畜废物循环制成粪便堆肥的堆肥设施正在增加，以此作为物质流通的一种手段。但大多数设施的运行都出现了赤字。他们的经济状况不佳，需要当地政府的财政支持。(5)在循环型社会中，有多种回收体系：农业回收、农村回收和城乡之间的回收。(6)居民是区域循环利用系统的重要组成部分。家庭主妇在厨房垃圾分类中扮演着至关重要的角色，这是一个参与堆肥系统的过程。如果没有人民的参与，区域回收系统就不会运行。(7)工业化国家与发展中国家在环境政策上存在巨大差异。德国和北欧国家等环境先进国家热衷于通过回收解决环境问题。但发展中国家正在努力解决贫困问题，而不是遗留下来的环境问题。较少

The aim of the research is to clarify some significant roles of agriculture and coutntryside in a recycling - oriented society. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows. (1)Agriculture and countryside are playing very important roles in an recycling society but they are not fully recycling-oriented. Modernization of agriculture with mechanics and chemicals made possible mass-production and amss-consumption of food. But it also broke recycling chains, where agriculture and coutryside were working. Agriculture and countryside should be revitlized in a new recycled system. (2)Modernization of livestock industry has brought the serious problem of animal manure. In Netherlands and Belguim, where stocking rate is high, the decrease of livestock numbers on the form is requested to reduce environmental burden of livestock waste. In Japan a material circulation between livestock farming and field farming needs to be restored. (3)Japan imports a large volume of animal feed. It is c … More onsumed by livestock, is transformed into animal manure and is piled up. Imported feed is adding to the domestic garbage. There appears a one-way flow of materials from the rest of the world. (4)Compositing facilities, where livestock waste is recycled into manure compost, are increasing as a means of material circulation. But most facilities are running with the deficit. They are doing poorly ecnomically and in need of financial support from the local government. (5)In a recycling society there are many kinds of recycling systems ; recycling in agriculture, recycling in rural area and recycling between rural-urban regions. (6)Inhabitants are as important constituent in regional recycling systems. Housewives take a cruicial role in separating kitchin garbage, this participating in a composting system. Regional recycling systems are not operating without the involvement of the people. (7)In the environmental policy there is the vast difference between industrialized countries and developing countries. Environmentally-advanced countries such as Germany and north European countries are keen to resolve environmental problems through recycling. But developing countries are grappling with the problem of poverty rather than environmental problems left behind. Less