Sudden death during bating: cardiovascular collapse by experimental hyperthermia

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A new model for hyperthermia in rat model is produced and challenged simulating the hot bath immersion inducing sudden death in Japan. Above 40 degree C, rats are found to be vulnerable for shock and death. The homodynamic study showed that exaggerated hypertension, tachycardia and tachypnea are initial events which then progressed to shock and cardiac arrest. Although the sequence has already been reported in heat stroke model of rats using air-chamber of 42 to 43 degree C, liquid as heat transfer media is better to confer heat energy sooner than air, indicating this model may serve as an unique model useful for considering the risk of hot bath water immersion responsible more than 14,000 deaths annually in Japan. The threshold value for death of water temperature is more than 40 degree C, of body temperature is 42 degree C. On cessation of heating, rats with body temperature more than 43 degree C showed shock and eventually died, although those less than 42 degree C has survived. Cytokine study disclosed elevation of plasma CINC1, in addition to IL-6, TNF-alpha in plasma which was collected after bathing at 41 degree C for 3 hours, indicating activation of cytokine cascade is involved in this experimental model.