Performance of a small semiconductor gamma camera for Radioguided Surgery

一种用于放射引导手术的小型半导体伽马相机（SSGC）提供了比传统闪烁相机（CSC）更好的能量分辨率。图像由直径为1mm的聚乙烯管制成，填充3OMBq Tc-99m，高20mm的“S”形影体，直接放置在每个相机的表面，采集时间为2秒。SSGC获得的图像比CSC获得的图像清晰得多，因此SSGC具有高灵敏度和高空间分辨率。在机构审查委员会批准研究方案并获得所有患者的知情同意后，进行了初步临床研究。116例头颈部疾病患者（恶性肿瘤67例，良性肿瘤4例，唾液腺疾病5例，唾液石症4例，口干症6例，干燥综合征4例，骨髓炎9例，颞下颌关节病6例，其他疾病11例）采用SSGC和CSC（骨科学）进行了扫描，87例患者进行了扫描。21例患者行唾液腺显像，8例患者行淋巴显像。初步临床研究成功地利用SSGC在短采集时间内进行成像。该SSGG提供了比传统闪烁相机更好的图像。在两项伽马照相机研究中都计算了活动比，即热区与背景（T/BG）比，SSGC计算的T/BG比与CSC计算的T/BG比相同。SSGC图像拍摄于15、30和60年代，30和60年代的SSGC图像清楚地显示乳腺癌（滨松大学医学院和庆应义塾大学医学院）、食管癌（庆应义塾大学医学院）、喉癌（庆应义塾大学医学院）、龈癌（日本牙科大学）和舌癌（日本牙科大学）患者的淋巴结可以通过SSGC清晰地显示出来。SSGC能够解决患有乳腺癌（滨松大学医学院），喉癌（庆应义塾大学医学院）的患者的淋巴结，甚至在注射后一天。SSGC可能比目前分离前哨淋巴结进行活检的技术有优势。这种相机的另一个潜在应用是诊断，特别是位于组织或器官（如甲状腺、颌骨、面部骨骼和关节）中的小的、浅表病变。少

A small semiconductor gamma camera (SSGC) for radioguided surgery provided better energy resolution than a conventional scintillation camera (CSC). Images obtained form a 20-mm-tall "S" figure phantom made from a 1-mm-diameter polyethylene tube and filled with 3OMBq Tc-99m, that was placed directly on the surfacee of each camera with a 2-s acquisition time. The image obtained by SSGC is much clearer than that obtained with a CSC, and so SSGC achieve high sensitivity and high spatial resolution.Preliminary clinical studies were performed, after institutional review boards approved the study protocol and informed consent was obtained from all patients. 116 patients with head and neck diseases (67 with malignant tumor, 4 with benign tumors, 5 with diseases of salivary gland, 4 with sialolith, 6 with xerostomia, 4 with sjogren syndrome, 9 with osteomyelitis, 6 with arthrosis of temporomandibular joint and 11 with another diseases) underwent scintigraphy using the SSGC and the CSC (bone sci … More ntigraphy were performed in 87 patients, salivary gland scintigraphy were performed in 21 patiens and lymph scintigraphy were performed in 8 patients). Preliminary clinical studies were successful in imaging in short acquisition time by using the SSGC. This SSGG provided better images than conventional scintillation camera. The activity ratio, the hot region to background (T/BG) ratio, was calculated in both gamma camera studies, T/BG ratio, by SSGC is the same as T/BG ratio by CSC.SSGC images were taken for 15,30 and 60 s, 30- and 60-s SSGC images clearly showed lymph nodes of patients who had breast cancer (by Hamamatsu University School of Medicine and Keio University School of Medicine), Esophageal cancer(by Keio University School of Medicine), laryngeal cancer (by Keio University School of Medicine), carcinoma of gingival(The Nippon Dental University) and carcinoma of tongue (The Nippon DentalUniversity) could be clearly visualized by the SSGC. The SSGC was able to resolve Lymph nodes of patients who had breast cancer (by Hamamatsu University School of Medicine), laryngeal cancer (by Keio University School of Medicine), even at a day after injection. The SSGC may offer advantage over current techniques for isolating sentinel lymph nodes for biopsy. A further potential application for this camera is in diagnosis, particularly of small, superficial lesions situated in tissues or organs such as the thyroid gland, jaws facial bones and joints. Less