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Excavation of the shaft tombs and underground tombs at Tyre in Lebanon

黎巴嫩提尔竖井墓和地下墓的发掘

基本信息

批准号：
14401029
负责人：
IZUMI Takura
金额：
$ 8.7万
依托单位：
Kyoto University (2004)Nara University (2002-2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Subject of this project is the excavation of shaft tombs and underground tombs (hypogeum) at Tyre in Lebanon. In 2002 and 2003 we successfully excavated three underground tombs with a shaft at the Ramali 200 Area in the town of Borj Ech Chemali in Tyre, and one underground tomb at the Ramali 199 Area. We also surveyed and measured the excavated area and the around, and finally discovered tens undergrounds, stone sarcophagi on the ground surface and stone quarries in the area around the underground tombs at the Ramali 200 Area and Ramali 198 Area. The archaeological research and conservation study of the environment of the frescos in the Tomb TJ04 were done in the year 2002-04. The outlines of the results are follows :1.The underground tombs with shaft seemed to belong to Phoenician age, but in our excavation we found Roman materials which belonged to 1^<st> to 3^<rd> century in the loculi. We suppose that the tombs kept the Phoenician traditions to Roman Time because of the small sizes. And it seemed also the Phoenician tradition that they buried the bodies in the loculi with wooden, terracotta or lead-made coffins.2.We realize the funerary practice in Ancient Tyros by terracotta figurines of Eros and Dionysius which were discovered in the loculous of the underground tomb in R.199.3.The study of chronology of the Hellenistic Tyrian amphorae is unique.4.Iconographical study of the frescos suggests the idea of mortal in the east Mediterranean coastal area.5.The study of the sign of the Goddess Tanit seems to be so fruitful that it makes clear that Tanit was originated in Tyros not in Carthage.

本项目的主题是在黎巴嫩提尔挖掘竖井墓和地下墓（地下室）。在2002年和2003年，我们成功地在提尔的Borj Ech Chemali镇的Ramali 200区域挖掘了三个带竖井的地下墓穴，在Ramali 199区域挖掘了一个地下墓穴。我们还对挖掘区域及其周围进行了调查和测量，最终在Ramali 200区域和Ramali 198区域的地下墓葬周围发现了数十个地下，地面上的石棺和采石场。2002年至2004年对TJ 04墓壁画环境进行了考古研究和保护研究。结果表明：1.这些带竖井的地下墓葬似乎属于腓尼基时代，但在我们的发掘中，我们在墓室中发现了1 ~ 3世纪的罗马材料<st><rd>。我们认为，由于规模较小，这些坟墓将腓尼基人的传统保留到了罗马时代。似乎腓尼基人的传统是他们把尸体埋在洞穴里，赤陶或铅制1999年在地下墓穴中发现了厄洛斯和狄奥尼修斯的陶俑，这使我们认识到古提洛斯的丧葬习俗。3.希腊化时期的Tyrian双耳瓶的年代学研究是独特的。4.壁画的图像学研究表明，对女神塔尼特符号的研究似乎是如此富有成果，它清楚地表明塔尼特起源于泰洛斯而不是迦太基。