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Hydrogeological survey and slope erosion analysis for the preservation of Mogao cavas/World Heritage

莫高窟/世界遗产保护的水文地质调查和坡度侵蚀分析

基本信息

批准号：
14404004
负责人：
TANIMOTO Chikaosa
金额：
$ 6.85万
依托单位：
Osaka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14404004/
关键词：
preservation heritage site Mogao Cavas conglomerate electric resistivity slope erotion ground water dew 斜面浸食

项目摘要

Young porous bedding rocks such as Eocene limestone at the Great Sphinx site and Pleistocene conglomerate at the Mogao Grottos are weathered and eroded rapidly by recrystallization of salt, slaking and wind activity. In order to contribute to the preservation work for natural stone monuments the investigators clarified the transport of water and moisture through porous media and fissures by monitoring evapotranspiration action in situ. Hydrogeological feature at heritage sites can be analyzed by geological and micro-climatic survey and remote sensing with satellite images. The electric resistivity measure could be applied well to both Giza and Dunhuang in aridity and provided the reasonable distribution of moisture content.Magao Grottos are located at the eastern foot of the Mingsha Dunes, 25km southeast of Dunhuang Town. It faces east toward Sanwei Mountain, and Daquan River runs in front of it.The caves were excavated into the cliff on the west bank of the Daquan River. The strata in which the caves were excavated are the alluvial and pluvial Jiuquan conglomerate in which there is argillaceous and calcareous cementation. The wall paintings in the caves are subject to the severe deterioration generated by recrystallization of salt. It relates with the movement of water/moisture in rock formation. The basement of Mogao Area consists of granite and gneiss formed in the Pre-Cambrian Age. Through the satellite image analysis and geological survey, it has been clarified that the movement of ground water is governed by the fault system and the geographical nature is specified by the aggressive tectonic movement from the south.

大狮身人面像的始新世石灰岩和莫高窟的更新世砾岩等年轻的多孔顺层岩石，在盐分重结晶、崩解和风活动的作用下，被风化和迅速侵蚀。为了促进天然石质古迹的保护工作，调查人员通过现场监测蒸散作用，澄清了水和水分通过多孔介质和裂缝的传输。通过地质和小气候调查以及卫星图像遥感，可以分析遗产地的水文地质特征。电阻率测量方法对干旱地区的吉萨和敦煌都有很好的适用性，并提供了合理的水分分布。马高窟位于明沙沙丘东麓，敦煌东南25公里处。它东临三维山，前面是大泉河，洞穴是在大泉河西岸的悬崖上挖掘出来的。洞穴出土地层为冲洪积酒泉砾岩，其中有泥质和钙质胶结。洞穴中的壁画受到盐重结晶产生的严重变质的影响。它与岩石中水/水分的运动有关。莫高山地区的基底由形成于前寒武纪的花岗岩和片麻岩组成。通过卫星图像分析和地质调查，明确了地下水的运动受断裂系统的控制，其地理性质受来自南方的侵略性构造运动的影响。