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Study on the stone materials and their deterioration in the Khmer monuments in Cambodia and Thailand

柬埔寨、泰国高棉古迹石材及其劣化研究

基本信息

批准号：
14404016
负责人：
UCHIDA Etsuo
金额：
$ 7.17万
依托单位：
Waseda University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The stone materials used for the Khmer monuments, which are widely distributed in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos and were constructed from the 9^<th> to 13^<th> century, and their deterioration were investigated in this study. Sandstone, laterite and brick were used for the monuments, but the focus was put on the sandstone in this study.For the Khmer monuments in Cambodia (generally called the Angkor monuments), the change with times of the characteristics of the sandstone and laterite blocks such as the magnetic susceptibility, shape and orientation of a bedding plane was investigated. Based on the result, construction process of the monuments was elucidated. Especially Prasat Suor Prat, whose construction period has been unknown, was concluded to have been constructed during the Angkor Wat period based on the characteristics of the stone blocks and the radioactive carbon age for the charcoal fragments found from the stucco on the inner wall and the soil put in the interstices of the lat … More erite blocks.The salt weathering is one of the important causes of the deterioration of the sandstone blocks in the Khmer monuments. Two types of salt weathering are observed. One is observed in the inside of the buildings and is related to the crystallization of sulfates and phosphates, and another is observed on the surface of the sandstone blocks constituting the pyramid-type platform and is related to the crystallization of calcium carbonate. The stable isotope analyses of strontium and sulfur were carried out in order to clarify the source materials for the salt weathering. As a result, bat guano for the former and rainwater and sandstone for the latter are considered as the source materials, respectively.For the Khmer monuments in Thailand and Laos, the description of the sandstones used for the monuments and the geological survey around the monuments were carried out in order to know the provenance. As a result, it is elucidated that the sandstones used for the monuments was controlled by the surrounding geology. Less

高棉纪念碑广泛分布于柬埔寨、泰国和老挝，建于公元9世纪至13世纪，本文对高棉纪念碑所用石材的退化情况进行了研究。纪念碑使用了砂岩、红土和砖，但本研究的重点放在砂岩上。以柬埔寨高棉古迹（一般称为吴哥古迹）为研究对象，研究了砂岩和红土块体磁化率、层理面形状和方向等特征随时间的变化。在此基础上，阐述了石碑的施工过程。特别是Prasat Suor Prat，其建造时间一直未知，根据石块的特征和从内壁灰泥和后期放置的土壤中发现的木炭碎片的放射性碳年龄推断，它是在吴哥窟时期建造的。盐的风化作用是高棉石碑砂岩块体变质的重要原因之一。观察到两种类型的盐风化。一个是在建筑物内部观察到的，与硫酸盐和磷酸盐的结晶有关，另一个是在构成金字塔型平台的砂岩块表面观察到的，与碳酸钙的结晶有关。对锶和硫进行了稳定同位素分析，以明确盐风化的物质来源。因此，前者的源物质为蝙蝠粪，后者的源物质为雨水和砂岩。对于泰国和老挝的高棉纪念碑，为了了解其来源，对纪念碑所用的砂岩进行了描述，并对纪念碑周围进行了地质调查。结果表明，石碑所用的砂岩受周围地质条件的控制。少