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Development of catalytic devices for hydrogen production by concentrated middle/high-temperature solar heat

集中中高温太阳热制氢催化装置研制

基本信息

批准号：
15360509
负责人：
KODAIRA Tatsuya
金额：
$ 8.26万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15360509/
关键词：
Concentrated solar heat Hydrogen energy Water splitting Thermochemical cycle Methane reforming Energy conversion Reformer Foam catalyst 熱化学サイクル触媒ソーラー

项目摘要

The purpose of the present research is to develop the highly-active catalytic devices for the following two solar thermochemical processes of converting concentrated middle/high-temperature solar heat to hydrogen in would "sun-belt" regions.1.High-temperature (1000-1500℃) thermochemical two-step water splitting cycle by the reactive ceramicsM_xO_y=M_xO_<y-δ>+δ/2O_2M_xO_<y-δ>+δH_2O=M_xO_y+δH_2The highly reactive ceramics of the ZrO_2-supported ferrite in a fine powder form was improved on the reactivity. Then, we prepared the ceramic foam absorber/reactor device coated with the fine reactive ceramics.(1)We previously showed that the Fe_3O_4/FeO phase transformation occurs on the "monoclinic" ZrO_2 support, associated with the redox reaction steps. In the present research, we examined the doping effect of other metal into ferrite, and found that the Ni-doping improved the reactivity : the chemical conversion of ferrite attained to about 70%.(2)A new redox pair was found to serve as the w … More orking material on the "cubic" YSZ-supported ferrites : the FeO-ZrO_2 solid solution was formed, which decompose H_2O to in a separate step : the reproductively of the cycle was improved.(3)The SiC or ZrO_2 foam matrix could be coated with fine ferrite/ZrO_2 to make the new absorber/reactor device.2.Middle-temperature (500-1000℃) endothermic methane reformingOur active metallic (Ni-Cr-Al) foam absorber, coated with Ru/Al_2O_3 catalyst, was examined to improve the activity on various preparation conditions : the optimal condition was determined. The absorber was scaled-up to a 14-cm diameter size and then tested in the solar furnace on the thermal properties. A more uniform temperature distribution was achieved on the irradiated metallic absorber, as opposed to the ceramic (alumina) absorber, below the flux distribution of the concentrated solar radiation due to the better thermal conductivity of the metallic foam. This would result in the increased overall reaction efficiency on the metallic foam absorber. Less

本研究的目的是开发高活性的催化装置，用于将集中的中、高温太阳热转化为氢的两个太阳能热化学过程中。1.利用活性ceramicsM_xO_y=M_xO_&lt；y-δ&gt；+δ/2O_2M_xO_&lt；y-δ&gt；+δH_2O=M_xO_y+δH_2The高活性微粉负载铁氧体陶瓷进行高温(1,000-1,500℃)热化学两步水分解循环，提高了反应活性。在此基础上，我们制备了泡沫陶瓷吸收/反应装置。(1)我们先前的研究表明，Fe_3O_4/FeO相变发生在“单斜晶系”的ZrO_2载体上，与氧化还原反应步骤有关。在本研究中，我们考察了其他金属在铁氧体中的掺杂效果，发现镍的掺杂提高了铁氧体的反应活性：铁氧体的化学转化率达到了70%左右。(2)发现了一对新的氧化还原对作为w…在“立方”YSZ担载的铁氧体上形成了FeO-ZrO_2固溶体，将H_2O分解为一步反应，提高了循环的重现性。(3)在碳化硅或泡沫ZrO_2的基质上涂覆细小的铁氧体/ZrO_2，以制成新型的吸收/反应装置。2.中温(500-1000℃)甲烷吸热重整反应考察了在不同制备条件下包覆Ru/Al_2O_3催化剂的活性金属(Ni-Cr-Al)泡沫吸收材料的活性，确定了最佳制备条件。该吸收器被放大到直径14厘米的尺寸，然后在太阳炉中进行热性能测试。由于金属泡沫具有更好的导热性能，辐照后的金属吸收体的温度分布比陶瓷(氧化铝)吸收体的温度分布更均匀，低于太阳集中辐射的通量分布。这将提高金属泡沫塑料吸收剂的总体反应效率。较少