Avian malaria on Madagascar: delimiting local species using an integrative approach combining genetic, morphological and host specificity data

马达加斯加的禽疟疾：采用结合遗传、形态和宿主特异性数据的综合方法界定当地物种

• 批准号: 457213393
• 负责人: Dr. Sandrine Musa
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Parasitologie (190p)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/457213393?language=en
• 关键词: Avian; malaria; Madagascar; delimiting; local

Avian malaria is a disease caused by unicellular blood parasites of the order Haemosporida (subphylum: Apicomplexa). The parasites life cycles are obligate heteroxenous, meaning the parasites need two different hosts (intermediate and definitive host) to successfully fulfill their life cycles. In case of avian haemosporidian parasites, birds are the intermediate host and blood-sucking dipterans are the vectors (definitive hosts). There are three different haemosporidian genera infecting birds: Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon. So far, molecular studies have identified nearly 4,000 unique avian haemosporidian lineages i.e. haplotypes worldwide, detected in over 1,800 bird species and 350 vectors. In contrast, however, there are only 103 morphologically described species, to which 228 of the nearly 4000 lineages can be assigned (MalAvi, http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Malavi; as of November 2019). This shortcoming is due to the fact that there have been no clear rules for species descriptions in the field of avian Haemosporida. The latest and most promising method for species identification is an integrative approach that brings together molecular, morphological and ecological data (Galen et al. 2018).In the requested project approximately 1700 blood samples of a Malagasy bird population, collected between 2003 - 2021 in the Maromizaha rainforest on Madagascar, will be examined for possible Leucocytozoon infection. The targeted examination of the genus Leucocytozoon should provide a meaningful statement about the actual prevalence in the Malagasy bird population and complete the data set of previous studies. Due to the high number of endemic bird species, it is expected that a high diversity of Leucocytozoon lineages will be found. The examination of more than 800 blood smears of the same bird population will clarify which parasites detected by PCR method (during this project and in our previous study (Musa et al. 2019)) can reproduce in the bird host and in which cases an abortive infection was detected. Moreover, the morphological detection and measurements of the gametocytes will be the basis for further analyses. At least 12 new haemosporidian parasite species, proposed in our latest study (Musa et al., 2019), along with a still unknown number of Leucocytozoon species (data will be obtained during this project) exist on Madagascar. These species will be described using an integrative approach that combines morphological data, molecular data of various genetic markers and ecological data such as host specificity (following Galen et al. 2018).

禽类疟疾是一种由血孢子目(亚门：复合体亚门)的单细胞血液寄生虫引起的疾病。寄生虫的生命周期是专性异质性的，这意味着寄生虫需要两个不同的宿主(中间宿主和最终宿主)才能成功地完成它们的生命周期。在禽类血孢子虫寄生虫中，鸟类是中间宿主，吸血双翅目昆虫是媒介(最终宿主)。感染禽类的有三种不同的血孢子虫属：疟原虫、血蛋白和白细胞体。到目前为止，分子研究已经确定了全世界近4,000个独特的鸟类血孢子虫谱系，即单倍型，在1,800多个鸟类和350个媒介中发现。然而，相比之下，只有103个形态描述的物种，近4,000个谱系中的228个可以被分配(截至2019年11月，马拉维，http://mbio-serv2.mbioekol.lu.se/Malavi；)。这一缺陷是由于鸟类红孢子虫领域一直没有明确的物种描述规则。最新和最有希望的物种鉴定方法是一种将分子、形态和生态数据结合在一起的综合方法(Galen等人)。在所要求的项目中，将对2003年至2021年在马达加斯加Maromizaha热带雨林采集的大约1700份马达加斯加鸟类种群的血液样本进行可能的白细胞附着体感染检查。对白血球菌属的有针对性的检查应提供关于马达加斯加鸟类种群实际流行情况的有意义的陈述，并完善以前研究的数据集。由于地方性鸟类的数量很多，预计将发现高度多样性的白细胞体谱系。对同一鸟类种群的800多份血液涂片的检查将澄清哪些寄生虫是通过聚合酶链式反应方法检测到的(在本项目期间和我们之前的研究中(Musa等人)。2019年))可以在鸟类宿主中繁殖，在这种情况下检测到流产感染。此外，配子体的形态检测和测量将为进一步分析奠定基础。在我们最新的研究(Musa等人，2019年)中提出了至少12种新的血孢子虫寄生虫物种，以及数量尚不清楚的白细胞体物种(数据将在本项目期间获得)。这些物种将使用一种综合的方法来描述，该方法结合了形态数据、各种遗传标记的分子数据和诸如宿主专一性的生态数据(如下Galen等人所述。2018年)。