Evolutionary diversity and adaption of sensory genes evaluated for natural populations of primates

我们对灵长类动物色觉和味觉的进化多样性和适应性的研究结果总结如下。Atelines通过L/M视蛋白等位基因的独特突变改善了食用水果的颜色辨别能力。与常规相反，吼猴通过L和M视蛋白基因的重组恢复了颜色视觉的变化。通过模拟卷尾猴食用水果的可见性与色觉的变化，我们发现三色视觉在远距离检测中具有优势。然而，根据26年的生存和生育数据，这种优势并没有转化为健康优势。通过对眼镜猴L/M视蛋白基因的研究，我们认为眼镜猴的三色能力是在昏暗的光线条件下进化的。通过研究TAS2R16苦味受体基因的敏感性，我们发现在灵长类动物中，这种敏感性是不同的。我们提出了黑猩猩亚种中苦味受体基因生态地理多样化的证据。

Our findings on evolutionary diversity and adaptation of color vision and gustation in primates are summarized as follows. Atelines improved chromatic discrimination of dietary fruits through unique mutations in L/M opsin alleles. Against a norm, howler monkeys regained color vision variation through recombination between L and M opsin genes. By modeling visibility of dietary fruit to variations of color vision in capuchin monkeys, we showed that trichromacy would have advantage in long-distance detection. However, this advantage is judged not translated into fitness advantage based on 26 years survival and fertility data. By studying L/M opsin gene of tarsiers, we proposed that trichromacy evolved under dim light conditions. By investigating sensitivities of TAS2R16 bitter taste receptor gene, we found that the sensitivity in fact varied among primate species. We presented an evidence of eco-geographical diversification of bitter taste receptor genes among subspecies of chimpanzees.