Hybrid Urbanisms - Hybrid Forms of Urban Development in Secondary Cities in the Global South der Stadtentwicklung in Secondary Cities des globalen Südens based on their infrastructural delivery configurations

这个研究项目将比较全球南方国家二级城市的正式和非正式进程和城市发展结构之间的特殊关系。该方案的中心出发点是以混合城市主义的形式实现城市发展的两个组成部分的永久共存。到目前为止，由于宏观经济指标一直是人们关注的主要焦点，对全球南方二线城市当地城市发展实践的具体情况所知相对较少。在实践中，建议分析Sunyani（加纳）和Arequipa（秘鲁）的一个以贫穷和非正式为特征的社区和一个以繁荣和正式为特征的社区的正式规划方法和居民在水和交通基础设施方面的日常做法。城市发展中正式和非正式的相互依赖关系将通过具体案例的初始条件（“交付配置”（Olivier de Sardan 2010））得以体现。将研究对城市不平等的影响。水和流动性被选为城市发展和居民生活质量的基本资源。对“交付配置”的研究使我们能够识别或多或少制度化的参与者，他们的物质和社会资源以及合作的形式，并将这些不同的维度相互联系起来。本研究设计旨在对物质结构和潜在的社会过程，以及特定基础设施的日常使用及其条件进行全面的、可比较的民族志案例研究。为了检验这种“居住”和“建筑”的视角（Ingold 2000），将应用不同的定性方法。规划科学和社会学的跨学科合作将能够对混合安排的多样性及其初始条件进行多尺度比较。可以调查同一城市中较贫穷和较繁荣社区之间的异同，也可以调查加纳和秘鲁社区之间的异同。对混合性的关注可以使对地方特殊性的看法更加清晰，同时它也提供了以比较的方式分析不同社区和国家背景下类似发展的背景的可能性。国际比较将通过分析小规模的地方现实，为推进全球南方国家二级城市理论做出创新贡献。

This research project will compare the special relationship between formal and informal processes and structures of urban development of secondary cities in the global South. The central starting point of this proposal is the permanent coexistence of both components of urban development in the form of hybrid urbanisms. Up to now, relatively little is known about the specifics of local urban development practices in secondary cities in the global South, as macroeconomic indicators have been the main focus of attention. In practical terms, it is proposed to analyze formal planning approaches and everyday practices of the inhabitants with regard to water and mobility infrastructure in a neighborhood characterized by poverty and informality and a neighborhood characterized by prosperity and formality in Sunyani (Ghana) and Arequipa (Peru). The interdependencies of formality and informality in urban development are to be made visible by means of their case-specific initial conditions (‘delivery configurations’ (Olivier de Sardan 2010)). The effects on urban inequality will be examined. Water and mobility were selected as fundamental resources for the development of cities and for the quality of life of their inhabitants. The study of ‘delivery configurations’ allows us to identify more or less institutionalized actors, their material and social resources as well as the forms of cooperation, and to relate these different dimensions to each other. This research design aims to produce comprehensive, comparable ethnographic case studies of the material construction and the underlying social processes, but also of the everyday use of specific infrastructures and their conditions. To examine this ‘dwelling’ and ‘building’ perspective (Ingold 2000) different sets of qualitative methods will be applied.The interdisciplinary cooperation of planning sciences and sociology will enable a multi-scalar comparison of the diversity of hybrid arrangements and their initial conditions. Similarities and differences between poorer and more prosperous neighborhoods in the same city can be investigated as well as between neighborhoods in Ghana and Peru. The focus on hybridity can sharpen the view for local particularities and at the same time it offers the possibility to analyse the background of similar developments in different neighborhoods and state contexts in a comparative way. The international comparison will make an innovative contribution to advancing the theory of secondary cities in the global South by analyzing small-scale local realities.