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The Rural Economy in West Java and Economic Reforms

西爪哇农村经济与经济改革

基本信息

批准号：
11691081
负责人：
HONDAI Susumi
金额：
$ 6.34万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11691081/
关键词：
Sukabumi, West Java Surplus labor in the agricultural sector Rice production expansion plan Capital productivity and efficiency in firms Small-scale firms and foreign firms Financial sources for the small firms Mutual financing among small fir

项目摘要

Indonesia non-agricultural sector absorbed a large number of labor force from the rural areas during the 1950-85 period. But labor forces grew faster than employment opportunities, the agricultural sector had to absorb labor forces which could not find employment in the non-agricultural sectors. Although their employment opportunities had expanded rapidly due to foreign direct investment since 1985 and the labor force share in the agricultural sector started to decline, it employed still over 40 percent of labor forces in 1997.During and after the economic crisis, Indonesian government removed the price support programs and various subsidies to the agricultural sector. But their effects on agricultural sector was not so serious compared with other sectors because the terms of trade turned in favor of the agricultural sector somehow. At the same time, some labor forces lost employment opportunities in urban areas migrated to rural areas and they were employed in the agriculture increase … More d/ This indicates that labor forces are still moving between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors significantly. On the other hand, agricultural production associations and other rural organizations have not been working well anymore because of introduction of new technology and new production arrangements.When Indonesian manufacturing sector is compared with that in other countries ones, employment expansion of the former small-scale enterprises has been slower. In Indonesian case, capital productivity of the small-scales is lower than that of the large-scales. In other countries' case, it is higher at the small-scales and lower at the large-scales. The theory shows that the other countries' pattern is appropriate one. The major factor created Indonesian pattern is as follows. The production level is low at the small-scale enterprises. As the result, their assets are not fully utilized and then their capital productivity goes down. This fact is related to lack of subcontracting arrangements between the small- and large-scale enterprises and division of labor among them. Because of the lower levels of both production arrangements, the small-scale enterprises cannot fully utilize their capacity and cannot attain a higher efficiency level in their production activities. To solve this problem, the sector has to develop appropriate systems for sharing the works between small- and large-scale enterprises and among the small-scale enterprises. Less

1950-85年期间，印尼非农部门吸纳了大量农村劳动力。但劳动力增长速度快于就业机会增长速度，农业部门不得不吸纳非农部门无法就业的劳动力。尽管自1985年以来，由于外国直接投资，他们的就业机会迅速扩大，农业部门的劳动力比重开始下降，但1997年农业部门雇用的劳动力仍超过40%。经济危机期间和之后，印尼政府取消了对农业部门的价格支持计划和各种补贴。但与其他部门相比，它们对农业部门的影响并不那么严重，因为贸易条件在某种程度上转向有利于农业部门。与此同时，部分劳动力在城市失去就业机会，迁移到农村，从事农业就业增长…… 更多 d/ 这表明，劳动力在农业和非农部门之间的流动依然明显。另一方面，由于新技术和新生产安排的引入，农业生产协会和其他农村组织已经不再运转良好。印尼制造业与其他国家的制造业相比，以前的小规模企业的就业扩张速度较慢。以印度尼西亚为例，小规模企业的资本生产率低于大规模企业。在其他国家的情况下，小尺度上较高，大尺度上较低。这一理论表明，其他国家的模式是合适的。创造印尼模式的主要因素如下。小型企业生产水平较低。结果，他们的资产没有得到充分利用，资本生产率下降。这与大小企业之间缺乏分包安排和分工有关。由于两者的生产安排水平较低，小型企业无法充分利用其产能，无法在生产活动中达到较高的效率水平。为了解决这个问题，该部门必须开发适当的系统，以便在小型企业和大型企业之间以及小型企业之间共享工作。较少的