Research for the Cult of Kumari in Nepal

尼泊尔库玛丽崇拜研究

• 批准号: 11694010
• 负责人: UESHIMA Keiji
• 金额: $ 3.58万
• 依托单位: Kansai University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11694010/
• 关键词: Kumari; Indrajatra; Great Mother; Nepalese Buddhism; virgin worship; Matsyendranath; Karunamaya; Avalokitesvara

In this two years, our effort has been made to describe various features of the Kumari cult at Bungamati village in Kathmandu valley, the prestigious position of the girl (Kumari), her antecedents, and her life after she ceases to be Kumari, as well as the viability of the cult of the living goddess in the days ahead. In some ways the simplest anomaly concerning the girls who are worshipped as living goddess is that though Kumari is a classic Hindu deity, the daughter of the great Siva and half-brother to Ganesh, the girls themselves are all members of orthdox Buddhist Newar castes.At first, we made a field research of Rata-Matsyendranath festival in Patan in order to make clear the relationship of Kumari worship and the mythology of special God (dess), Matsyendranath. From various indirect sources it seems possible that it may have begun in the form of small local and sporadic cults, possibly similar to those still found in the north-east Punjab, shortly after the introdiuction of Yajrayana Buddhism during the eleventh century. So it's much more inportant to know about Matsyendranath to understand Kumari worship in Nepal. Matsyendranath is specially cailled Karunamaya at Bungamati village, and also called Avalokitesvara in India.We also made a short investigation in southern part of India from April 25 to May 1O. 1999, because it has been reperted that a cult of the virgin damsel or Kanya Kumari was flourishing in the southern part of India known as Comori or Kanya Kumari. Furthermore, we made two different field research in Bali, Indonesia from August, 2000 to March, 2001, in order to make a comparative table about virgin worship in Hindu societies. Now we have, to complete our researches as soon as possible.

在这两年中，我们一直在努力描述加德满都山谷Bungamati村的Kumari崇拜的各种特征，女孩（Kumari）的著名地位（Kumari），她的先例以及她在她停止成为Kumari之后的生活，以及在前日起着的Living Goddess崇拜的依靠。在某些方面，关于敬拜的女孩的最简单异常是，尽管库玛里是一个经典的印度教神灵，是伟大的西瓦（Great Siva）的女儿，也是甘尼什（Ganesh）的同父异母兄弟，但女孩们本身都是正佛教佛教新生等级的成员。 （Dess），Matsyendranath。从各种间接的来源来看，它似乎有可能以小型的地方和零星的邪教形式开始，这可能与旁遮普邦东北部发现的那些人相似，不久之后，在十一世纪Yajrayana佛教的简介后不久。因此，了解Matsyendranath了解尼泊尔的Kumari崇拜更加重要。 Matsyendranath是Bungamati村的特别是Caildranath，也称为印度的Avalokitesvara。我们还于4月25日至5月1日在印度南部进行了简短的调查。 1999年，因为人们已经撰写了对处女少女或Kanya Kumari的崇拜，在印度南部被称为Comori或Kanya Kumari。此外，我们从2000年8月至2001年3月在印度尼西亚的巴厘岛进行了两项不同的现场研究，以制作一个关于印度社会维珍崇拜的比较表。现在，我们已经有了尽快完成我们的研究。

项目成果

植島啓司: "「クマリ信仰」『ネパールを知るための60章』"明石書店. 265 (2000)

上岛敬二：“‘库玛丽信仰’‘了解尼泊尔的 60 章’”《明石书店》265 (2000)。

植島啓司: "「クマリ信仰」『ネパールを知るための60章』"明石書店 印刷中(未定). (2000)

Keiji Ueshima：“‘库玛丽信仰’‘理解尼泊尔的 60 章’”，明石书店，印刷版（待定）（2000 年）。

植島 啓司: "「クマリ信仰」『ネパールを知るための60章』"明石書店. 265 (2000)

上岛敬二：“‘库玛丽信仰’‘了解尼泊尔的 60 章’”《明石书店》265 (2000)。

Keiji Ueshima: "A kashi shoten"Kumari worship in Nepal, Nepal Encyclopededia. 265 (2000)

上岛敬二：《喀什商店》尼泊尔的库玛丽崇拜，尼泊尔百科全书。