Crystal structure and solid state physics of earth's interiors under high pressure and high temperature

高温高压条件下物质组成的原位研究是了解地幔或地壳动力学（如板块俯冲、深震机制和地幔对流）的重要课题。目前的实验方案是法国和日本化学家之间的相互关系的合作作品。利用法国Francc和SPring-8的ESRF装置以及Photon Factory，研究了氧化物和硅酸盐在压缩或应力场作用下的相变。用金刚石顶砧或多顶砧高压装置研究了固体的电导率、电导率、弹性系数和热膨胀系数等物理性质。采用多砧高压装置对橄榄石（Mg_（1-x），Fe_x）_2SiO_4在高温高压下的电导率进行了测量。在TE下进行THC测量 ...更多信息 温度可达1000 ℃，压力可达6 GPa。Fe_2SiO_4的电导率测量表明，在6 GPa左右，橄榄石-尖晶石转变处的电导率有很大的缺口。利用金刚石压砧高压电池，测量了下地幔主要物质之一的浮氏体（Mg 1-x，Fe x）O的电导率随压力、温度和Fe成分（x=0.1，0.3，0.5）的变化。该实验在巴黎大学地球仪物理研究所进行。阐明了电导率的活化能。随着固溶体中Fe含量的增加，电导率升高。铁离子在键合电子中的d-电子构型提高了电导率。与地球仪物理研究所的J. P. Poirier教授合作研究了铁金属在2000℃以上的极高温高压下的熔化曲线。实验是在SPring-8上用多砧装置和同步辐射进行的。为了这项实验，目前的补助金资助了安德鲁博士的旅费。大坂大学的Ohtaka博士和SPring-8材料的Shimomura博士是支持成员。所有实验结果都在几次国际会议或研讨会上报告，并发表在科学期刊上。少

In order to understand dynamics of mantle or earth's shell, such as subduction of slab, mechanism of deep earthquake and mantle convection, in situ investigations of material sciences of constituent substances under high pressure and temperature are significant subject. Present experimental proposal is the collaboration works between French and Japanese geophysicists with mutual relations. By making use of the facilities in ESRF in Francc and SPring-8 and Photon Factory, phase transitions of oxides and silicates was studied under compression or stress field. Studies of solid state physics of electric conductivity, conductivity, elastic coefficient and thermal expansion coefficient were made using diamond anvil or multianvil high-pressure apparatus. The following experiments were executed :Electric conductivity measurement of olivine (Mg1-x, Fex)2SiO4 under high pressure and high temperature was carried out by using multianvil high-pressure apparatus. Thc measurement was conducted at te … More mperature up to 1000 and pressure up to 6GPa. Geothermal change with depth can be estimated from the experimental resultsThe electric conductivity measurement of Fe2SiO4 indicate a large gap of the conductivity at the olivine-spinel transition at about 6GPa. It is clarified that the carrier of the conduction is attributed to the Fe^<2+>⇔Fe^<3+> electron hopping rather than hole.ÅiCRÅjBy using diamond anvil high-pressure cell, electric conductivity of wustite (Mg1-x, Fex)O, one of major lower mantle substance, was measured measurement as functions of pressure and temperature together with Fe composition (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5). This experiment was carried out at Inst. Physque du Globe, ) Paris University. Activation energy of electric conductivity was elucidated. With increasing Fe content in the solid solution the conductivity is elevated. The d-electron configuration of Fe ion in the bonding electron raises the conductivity.ÅiCSÅjCollaboration work with Prof.J.P.Poirier (Inst.Physque du Globe) is the investigation of the melting curve of iron metal, earth core material at extremely high temperature over 2000℃ under high pressure.The experiment was made with the multianvil apparatus and synchrotron radiation at SPring-8. For this experiment The present Grant-in-Aid supported the travel fee of Dr.Andrault. Dr.Ohtaka of Osaka University and Dr.Shimomura of SPring-8 stuff were supporting members.All experimental results have been reported at several International Conference or workshop and they were published in the science journals. Less