Influence of nutrition in winter on growth of nomadic grazing livestock in the Gobi region

冬季营养对戈壁地区游牧牲畜生长的影响

• 批准号: 11694203
• 负责人: ISHIDA Jyouken
• 金额: $ 5.38万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11694203/
• 关键词: Mongol; Nomadic grazing livestock; Carcass composition; n-Alkane marker method; Herbage intake; 季節成長パターン; 産肉効率; 体構成; 冬期補助飼料; 食道フィステル

One hundred and thirty-two weaned, castrated, nomadic grazing lambs were divided into 2 groups (feeding and control groups, with a mean body weight of 26.34+2.07 and 26.20+2.12 Kg, respectively) and subjected to a 2-year experiment. Body weight loss in winter was significantly inhibited by supplemental feeding in the feeding group (P<0.005), but weight gain during the weight gain period from April through November was greater in the control group and the body weight rapidly recovered to the mean weight of the feeding group by August, in the middle of the weight gain period. No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups thereafter until November, the end of the period. No apparent influences of supplemental feeding were noted in the carcass, bone, muscle, or fat weight in any period. It was suggested that the inhibition of weight loss in winter does not necessarily improve later growth. Several influences on the carcass composition were noted : the muscle and fat rates were significantly different between the groups at initiation and in April in the final year, suggesting that the muscle rate was elevated by supplemental feeding in winter. The herbage intake measured employing the n-alkane marker method in June and August 2000 and June, August, and September 2001 and the mean number of ingested plant species by season were 2018±473・460±320gDM/day and 12-4, respectively, showing wide ranges and marked influences of the growth condition of grassland plants in the measured years or seasons. The herbage intake tended to be higher in the control than in the feeding group, and the difference was significant in September 2001 (P<0.005). Using lumen-fistulated sheep in the feeding and control groups, grass digestibility was measured under the grazing condition employing the simple Dacron bag method. The digestibility was influenced by years and seasons and widely ranged from 63.8±12.81 to 80.3±8.99 %DM, but the value of ingested grass was relatively high.

将132只断奶、去势的游牧羔羊分为2组（饲养组和对照组，平均体重分别为26.34 ± 2.07和26.20 ± 2.12 Kg），进行为期2年的试验。补饲显著抑制了饲养组冬季的体重下降（P<0.005），但对照组在4 ~ 11月增重期的增重较大，到8月增重中期体重迅速恢复到饲养组的平均体重。此后，直到11月（该阶段结束），两组之间没有观察到显著差异。在任何时期，在胴体、骨骼、肌肉或脂肪重量中均未观察到补充饲喂的明显影响。这表明，在冬季抑制体重减轻并不一定改善以后的增长。对胴体组成的几个影响，注意到：肌肉和脂肪率显着不同的组在开始时，并在4月在最后一年，这表明，肌肉率提高了补充饲料在冬季。2000年6月、8月和2001年6月、8月、9月，用正构烷烃标记法测定的牧草采食量和季节平均采食植物种类数分别为2018±473·460± 320 gDM/d和12-4种，反映了草地植物生长状况在所测年份或季节的变化范围和显著影响。对照组采食量有高于饲喂组的趋势，2001年9月差异显著（P<0.005）。采用简易涤纶袋法测定了放牧条件下饲用羊对草的消化率。消化率受年份和季节的影响，在63.8±12.81 ~ 80.3± 8.99%DM之间，但采食量较高。