Comparative Studies of Ancestor Worship in Japan and China

本文以中国和日本的祭祖习俗为重点，探讨祭祖仪式的不同方式。各研究者的作用和结果如下：Yabu Toshihiro通过对《世经》及其对日本的影响的分析，得出日本祭祀习俗的起源与中国有关的结论。Kazumoto Nakamura从日本祭祖习俗的转变和对尸骨观念的转变的角度，揭示了柔道术中加强宗教信仰和沙里信仰的信徒对身体骨骼纯洁观念的融合。中村康弘表明，在“丧葬佛教”建立的同时，儒家的丧葬和祖先崇拜理论以及灵魂观念已经被接受。在核心家庭时代或儿童人口减少的时代，维持家族墓地的问题、器官移植、安乐死等问题，在当前社会的背景下讨论了生死问题。他将祭祖的习俗视为一种伦理功能，并考虑到对生死的看法的变化。木村直弘透露，在祭祖仪式中强调金属打击乐的声音与中国的雷神崇拜密切相关。另一方面，木皮鼓的声音在日本很受欢迎。野坂幸弘以被称为“第三新面孔”的小说家群体为中心，介绍了日本现当代文学中对祖先的看法。

This paper deals with the different ways ceremonies are held to appease the spirits of ancestors, focusing on customs of China and Japan. The role and results of each researcher is as follows : Toshihiro Yabu concluded that the origin of the custom of holding ceremonies for one's ancestors in Japan relates to that of China, through the analysis of "Shijing" and its influence on Japan. Kazumoto Nakamura revealed the fusion of strengthening religious beliefs in Jodo-shu and the concept of purity of bones of the body by the believers in Shari-belief, from the perspective of the shift in Japanese customs of ceremonies for their ancestors and the shift in concept toward the bones of the dead body. Yasuhiro Nakamura showed that theory of funeral and ancestor worships and the concept of soul in Confucianism had been accepted while 'Funeral Buddhism' was being established. Kosei Usami discussed life and death in the context of current society, such as problems of maintaining a family tomb in the age of the nuclear family or the age of decreasing population of children in society, organ transplantation, and mercy killing, by regarding customs of holding ceremonies for ancestors as an ethical function, taking into consideration the changes in the views toward life and death. Naohiro Kimura revealed that the emphasis on the sounds of metal percussion in ceremonies for ancestors is closely tied to Thunder God worships in China. On the other hand, sounds of wood-and-skin drums are favored in Japan. Yukihiro Nosaka focused on the group of novelists, named "Dai-san-no Shinjin (the Third New Face)," and presented the view of one's ancestors as displayed in the modern and contemporary Japanese literature.