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Comparative Studies of Ancestor Worship in Japan and China

日本与中国祖先崇拜的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
11695001
负责人：
NAKAMURA Kazumoto
金额：
$ 3.65万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This paper deals with the different ways ceremonies are held to appease the spirits of ancestors, focusing on customs of China and Japan. The role and results of each researcher is as follows : Toshihiro Yabu concluded that the origin of the custom of holding ceremonies for one's ancestors in Japan relates to that of China, through the analysis of "Shijing" and its influence on Japan. Kazumoto Nakamura revealed the fusion of strengthening religious beliefs in Jodo-shu and the concept of purity of bones of the body by the believers in Shari-belief, from the perspective of the shift in Japanese customs of ceremonies for their ancestors and the shift in concept toward the bones of the dead body. Yasuhiro Nakamura showed that theory of funeral and ancestor worships and the concept of soul in Confucianism had been accepted while 'Funeral Buddhism' was being established. Kosei Usami discussed life and death in the context of current society, such as problems of maintaining a family tomb in the age of the nuclear family or the age of decreasing population of children in society, organ transplantation, and mercy killing, by regarding customs of holding ceremonies for ancestors as an ethical function, taking into consideration the changes in the views toward life and death. Naohiro Kimura revealed that the emphasis on the sounds of metal percussion in ceremonies for ancestors is closely tied to Thunder God worships in China. On the other hand, sounds of wood-and-skin drums are favored in Japan. Yukihiro Nosaka focused on the group of novelists, named "Dai-san-no Shinjin (the Third New Face)," and presented the view of one's ancestors as displayed in the modern and contemporary Japanese literature.

本文以中日两国的祭祖习俗为中心，探讨祭祖仪式的不同举行方式。各研究者的作用和结果如下：Yabu Toshihiro通过分析《诗经》及其对日本的影响，得出日本祭祖习俗的起源与中国有关的结论。中村和本从日本祭祖习俗的转变和对死者骨头的观念转变的角度，揭示了柔道书中强化的宗教信仰与伊斯兰教信徒对身体骨头纯洁性的观念的融合。中村表明，在“丧葬佛教”建立的过程中，儒家的丧葬、祖先崇拜理论和灵魂观念已经被接受。宇佐美浩成将祭祖仪式的习俗视为伦理功能，并考虑到生死观的变化，探讨了在核心家庭时代或社会儿童人口减少时代的家庭坟墓维护问题、器官移植、安乐死等当前社会背景下的生死问题。木村直宏透露，祭祖仪式中强调金属敲击声与中国的雷神崇拜密切相关。另一方面，木皮鼓的声音在日本很受欢迎。野田幸弘以“第三新面孔”为中心，展示了日本现当代文学中的祖先观。