Environment and Literature : Theoretical and Historical Research on American and Japanese Nature Writing

共同的主题：我们对自然与环境文学话语的历史发展进行了联合研究;从自然历史著作的起源开始，追溯到现代发展，成为目前所知的“自然写作”和“环境文学”。“我们的研究特别包括以下关注领域：1。为了评估关于自然的文学话语从自然史写作的起源到当代自然写作的出现这一假设的有效性，我们通过关注描述的形式、基因的想法、描述对象的变化以及人类对自然世界的认识论或审美反应的变化等各个方面来考察其历史发展。我们研究了从19世纪的浪漫主义自然观到20世纪的古怪观念的历史和概念转变。学者们研究的课题是 关于我们 包括自然史散文的文体问题、儿童与自然环境的关系、生物地域主义和地方感问题、日本人对“里山”的看法与欧美田园主义的差异、音景与语言的深层联系.本文通过对各种理论和历史研究方法的考察，揭示了自然史写作与自然写作的区别，并以此论证了20世纪世纪以后是“自然写作的时代”。“演讲方法：参加者在2002年8月在里诺的内华达州大学举行的文学与环境国际研讨会上发表论文。在日本文学研究中建立和支持被称为“自然写作”或“环境文学”的体裁以及被称为“生态批评”的批评理论。重新梳理日本现代文学史，以考虑环境文学和自然写作的存在和影响

Shared subject :We have conducted joint research on the historical development of literary discourse on nature and the environment ; starting from its origins in writings on natural history and tracing it to its modem development into what is currently known as "nature writing" and "environmental literature." In particular our research has included the following areas of attention :1. In order to assess the validity of the assumption that the literary discourse on nature proceeded from origins in natural history writing to the emergence of contemporary nature writing, we examined its historical development by focusing on the various aspects of ; forms of description, the idea of gene, changes in the objects described, and changes in epistemological or aesthetic human responses to the natural world.2. We examined historical and conceptual shifts from the Romantic ideas about nature held in the 19th century to the Eccentric ideas of the 20th century.3. The subjects the scholars took up i … More ncluded the stylistic problems involved in natural history essays, the relationship between children and their natural surroundings, the issues of bioregionalism and sense of place, the difference between Japanese ideas about "satoyama" and those of Euro-American pastoralism, and the deep connectedness between soundscape and language.4. We examined various theoretical and historical approaches in order to reveal the differences between natural history writing and nature writing and thereby to argue that the 20th century and after may be considered the "age of nature writing."Presentation method :The participants presented papers at the International Symposium on Literature and Environment at the University of Nevada, Reno, held in August 2002.What to do after this project :1. Establish and support, within Japanese literary studies, the genre known as "nature writing" or "environmental literature," as well as the critics theory called "ecocriticism".2. Re-organize modem Japanese literary history so as to take account of the existence and influence of environmental literature and nature writing Less