Estimates of gust wind speeds in Kyushu area for a wind hazard map

九州地区阵风风速估算，绘制风灾图

• 批准号: 12450227
• 负责人: MAEDA Junji
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: Kyushu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12450227/
• 关键词: gust factor; wind disaster; local wind of terrain; NeWMeK; damage rate of houses; map of maximum wind speed; duration of strong wind; 風向別突風率; 局地風; 強風災害; 年最大風速; 強風観測; 広域観測; 風洞実験; 強風被害; 広域風観測

(1) The properties of the gust factors of mean wind speed of over 15 m/s were investigated based on the data of the network of wind measurement in Kyushu (NeWMeK) from 1994 to 2002, which has 122 measurement stations, and the digital information of each terrain. The data of each station are arranged by typhoon or non-typhoon, 16 directions of wind, its weather condition and its topography of terrain.(2) It is indicated that the gust factors in typhoon are higher than those in non-typhoon: 1.9 in typhoon and 1.7 in non-typhoon. When typhoon approaches, the gust factor does not decrease even though the mean wind speeds are high. And so a maximum gust speed is estimated to be a much higher wind speed. Moreover, the maximum gust is much higher in southern wind than in northern wind.(3) The property of increase of wind speed at Shiranui-cho of Kumamoto prefecture was investigated by wind tunnel test. It is found that the temperature gradient of the approaching wind profile affects strongly the increase of wind in the lower layer. The stability of a stratified wind flow is enhanced by a cooled plate using a dry-ice box located at the wind tunnel surface. However, it is difficult to estimate the local wind speed in a mixed area such as a deep river and a deep valley floor.(4) Most of the investigation of the relationship between residential damage rates and wind speeds based on information of damaged residential houses by Typhoon Bart(1999) indicate clearer relation to a instantaneous wind speed. For wind speeds of exceeding 30 m/s, the damage rate exponentially increases. In addition, the duration of wind affects strongly the damage rates in case of wind speeds of over 35 m/s.(5) We have produced the instantaneous maximum wind speed map of Kyushu, by combining our information of gust factors and the map of expected wind speeds for a return period of a hundred years. This wind speed map is applicable to suggest a wind hazard map of residential houses and buildings.

(1)利用1994 ~ 2002年九州风测网122个测站资料和各地形数字资料，研究了15 m/s以上平均风速的阵风因子特征。各站的资料按台风或非台风、16个风向、其天气状况和地形地形进行排列。(2)台风阵风因子大于非台风阵风因子，台风阵风因子为1.9，非台风阵风因子为1.7。当台风接近时，即使平均风速很高，阵风因子也不减小。因此最大阵风速度估计是更高的风速。南风的最大阵风远高于北风。(3)通过风洞试验研究了熊本县白邑町风速的增加特性。研究发现，渐近风廓线的温度梯度对低层风的增大有较大的影响。分层风流的稳定性通过在风洞表面使用干冰箱的冷却板来增强。然而，在深层河流和深层谷底等混合区域，很难估计当地的风速。(4)大多数基于“巴特”（1999）台风造成的民房损坏资料的民房损失率与风速关系的研究表明，民房损失率与瞬时风速的关系更为明显。当风速超过30m /s时，损伤率呈指数增长。此外，风速超过35 m/s时，风的持续时间对损伤率有较大影响。(5)结合阵风因子信息和百年际预期风速图，制作了九州瞬时最大风速图。此风速图适用于建议住宅及建筑物的风害图。