Temperature-drop stress overlooked up to now in horticultural crop production - Importance of the leaf injury and the clarification of its mechanism

迄今为止在园艺作物生产中被忽视的降温胁迫——叶片损伤的重要性及其机制的阐明

• 批准号: 12460015
• 负责人: HAYASHI Takahiro
• 金额: $ 8.96万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12460015/
• 关键词: Gesneriaceae; Acanthaceae; irrigation; wounding; leaf temperature; cell death; diurnal change; hypersensitivity; 光強度; 水ポテンシャル; 高温; 過敏感細胞死; 生理障害; リーフスポット; 環境ストレス; 物理刺激; 活性酸素; 葉温; オキシダティブバースト

(1) Three species of the Acanthaceae of 15 species of the Gesneriaceae were found as a sensitive plant to the temperature drop shock in this study.(2) The leaf injury occurred when the temperature dropped at the speed of 3℃/second or more. The shrinkage of epidermis caused by the rapid temperature drop was thought to be perceived as the external stimulus.(3) Wounding treatment to the plant body including the excision of a leaf or a shoot caused the injury similar to the leaf temperature drop shock at sites distant from the wound. It was guessed that wounding treatment and the leaf temperature drop shock caused the same reaction as a trigger of the injury.(4) Environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity and relative humidity affected the cell death caused by wounding treatment. Hypersensitive state was thought to be induced by the wound and the temperature drop to improve be sensitivity of the whole body to the external stimuli afterwards.(5) Hypersensitive state tended to be induced much more by water stress under the dry condition and the high temperature.(6) There was a diurnal change in the inducement of the hypersensitive state. The level of the inducement was low in the morning, rose in the afternoon, and was not induced at night. Then, it was suggested that overhead irrigation was recommended to conduct in the morning when needed.

(1)在苦苣苔科的15种植物中，有3种苦苣苔科植物对降温冲击比较敏感。(2)当温度以3℃/秒以上的速度下降时，叶片发生伤害。由温度急剧下降引起的表皮收缩被认为是外部刺激。(3)对植物体的创伤处理，包括切除叶或芽，在远离创伤的部位引起类似于叶温下降休克的损伤。据推测，伤害处理和叶温下降休克引起相同的反应作为伤害的触发因素。(4)温度、光照强度和相对湿度等环境因素影响损伤处理引起的细胞死亡。超敏状态被认为是由创伤和温度下降引起的，以提高全身对外界刺激的敏感性。(5)在干旱和高温条件下，水分胁迫更易诱导小麦产生过敏状态。(6)过敏状态的诱发有昼夜变化。诱导水平上午低，下午上升，晚上不诱导。因此，建议在需要时在上午进行高架灌溉。