Optical mechanism of flower color diversity and the modification by gene transfer

花色多样性的光学机制及基因转移修饰

• 批准号: 16380026
• 负责人: HAYASHI Takahiro
• 金额: $ 8.77万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380026/
• 关键词: petal; visual impression; flower color; spectral reflectance; luster; optics; pigment; striation; ハイライト; 表皮細胞; 構造; 視力; 分光反射; Begonia rex; 金属光沢; 葉; Striation; 遺伝子

The textures of flowers are of important ornamental characteristics. Reflected light from surfaces of petals including colorful bracts and leaves is a key factor for the textures of flowers. Through observing various petals of flowers, results indicate that the reflected light includes two types; one is the superficial reflected light which is determined by the shape of the epidermis cells. More light is reflected by the flat epidermis cells than that by the papillate epidermis cells. Especially, when the angle of incident light was changed, the belt-shaped reflected light was only observed by the microscope in the side of the papillate epidermis cells. The other type of the reflected light is scattering reflected light which is determined by the structure of the petals. The higher pigments content, the more light are absorbed. The intensity and place of the scattering reflected light was determined by the volume and the place of air-space which distribute among of the epidermal cells, palisade cells and spongy cells. The three typical textures of flowers: velvet luster (e.g. Viola tricolor) is determined by the superficial reflected light, metallic luster (e.g. Begonia rex) and diamond dust (e.g. Impatiens sultani) are determined by the scattering reflected light.

花卉的纹理具有重要的观赏特征。花瓣（包括彩色苞片和叶片）表面的反射光是花朵纹理的关键因素。通过对各种花瓣的观察，结果表明：花瓣的反射光分为两类：一类是由表皮细胞形状决定的表层反射光;扁平表皮细胞比乳头状表皮细胞反射更多的光。特别是当改变入射光的角度时，显微镜下只在乳头状表皮细胞一侧观察到带状反射光。另一种类型的反射光是散射反射光，这是由花瓣的结构决定的。色素含量越高，吸收的光就越多。散射反射光的强度和位置取决于分布在表皮细胞、栅栏细胞和海绵细胞之间的气隙的体积和位置。花的三种典型纹理：天鹅绒光泽（如三色堇）由表面反射光决定，金属光泽（如秋海棠雷克斯）和钻石尘埃（如苏丹凤仙花）由散射反射光决定。

项目成果

ベゴニア・レックス(Begonia rex)の葉に生じる金属様光沢とその発現機構

秋海棠叶片金属光泽及其表达机制

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 園芸学会雑誌 第74巻(別2)
• 作者: 張 暘;林 孝洋;細川宗孝;矢澤 進;張 〓ら
• 通讯作者: 張 〓ら

花弁の微細構造と花の観賞性

花瓣的精细结构和花卉的观赏性

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 園芸学会雑誌 第74巻(別2)
• 作者: 張 暘;林 孝洋;細川宗孝;矢澤 進;張 〓ら;林 孝洋
• 通讯作者: 林 孝洋

Flower Color Diversity and Its Optical Mechanism

花色多样性及其光学机制

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Acta Horticulture (印刷中)
• 作者: Y.Zhang et al.

A possible optical mechanism of velvet luster developed in petals

花瓣中产生天鹅绒光泽的可能光学机制

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci. 75(suppl.2)
• 作者: Y.Zhang;T.Hayashi;M.Inoue;Y.Oyama;M.Hosokawa;S.Yazawa;張 〓ら;Y.Zhang et al.
• 通讯作者: Y.Zhang et al.

花弁におけるベルベット様光沢の光学的発現機構について

花瓣丝绒光泽的光学表达机制研究

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 園芸学会雑誌 第75巻(別2)
• 作者: Y.Zhang;T.Hayashi;M.Inoue;Y.Oyama;M.Hosokawa;S.Yazawa;張 〓ら
• 通讯作者: 張 〓ら