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Molecular and Pathological Factors involved in Sustainable Wood Quality

可持续木材质量涉及的分子和病理因素

基本信息

批准号：
12460078
负责人：
KURODA Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 8.96万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Generally speaking, a tree produces sustainable wood under physiologically normal condition. When a tree is physiologically apart far from the normal condition, it may produce disordered wood. In other words, biotic and abiotic stresses disturb "sustainable" wood quality. Various genetic factors are involved in the process, or normal "sustainable" wood formation. Among the stress factors, we focused on anti-fungal and cold tolerant genes. Against the biotic stress, stilbene synthases have characterized by using heterologous expression after the cDNA cloning. Against the abiotic stress, dehydrin has cloned, being characterized by physiological, transgenic, and molecular studies. We have presented a reliable molecular basis on the "sustainable" wood quality or wood formation, in relation to anti-fungal and cold torelant factors.In vitro culture system makes complex abiotic analyses rather simple. Here, the effect of abiotic stress, especially temperature and a heavy metal, had examined. The culture system responded to produce secondary metabolites, especially catechins, in order to keep physiologically normal condition as far as possible. Furthermore, the secondary metabolites played an important role for scavenging active oxygen and detoxification of Mn ions.The field surveys on the health of conifer plantations were made covering wide area from the subarctic to temperate zones. In addition to microscopic analysis of wood specimens, physiological aspects were checked in diseased trees, for instance with acoustic emission technique (AE). The results indicated that the water conductivity of sapwood is most important to keep trees healthy.Altogether, the studies have revealed molecular and pathological bases in forest health and healthiness in the wood quality, or sustainable wood quality.

一般来说，树木在生理正常条件下产生可持续木材。当一棵树在生理上远离正常状态时，它可能产生无序木材。换句话说，生物和非生物压力干扰“可持续”木材质量。各种遗传因素参与了这一过程，或正常的“可持续”木材形成。在胁迫因子中，我们主要关注抗真菌基因和耐寒基因。针对生物胁迫，芪类糖苷酶的特点是利用cDNA克隆后的异源表达。针对非生物胁迫，已克隆了抗逆蛋白，并对其进行了生理、转基因和分子生物学研究。我们提出了一个可靠的分子基础上的“可持续”木材质量或木材形成，有关抗真菌和耐寒因素。在这里，非生物胁迫，特别是温度和重金属的影响，进行了研究。培养系统产生次生代谢产物，特别是儿茶素，以尽可能保持生理正常状态。此外，次生代谢产物在清除活性氧和解毒Mn离子方面也起着重要作用。除了对木材标本进行显微镜分析外，还对病树的生理方面进行了检查，例如使用声发射技术（AE）。结果表明，边材的导水率是保持树木健康的重要因素，揭示了森林健康和木材质量健康的分子和病理基础。