Research into the Nature of Motherhood

在日本，出生率下降的问题对整个社会产生了很大的影响，包括母婴健康。仔细观察母子关系，我们采用了参考研究、定性研究和定量研究的方法，进行了三年的研究。这项研究的目的是澄清战后三代人为人母的传统本质，考虑对育儿、育儿和育儿行为的看法。此外，考虑到代际之间的差异，我们试图澄清社会、经济、文化等因素对母亲传统性质的影响。我们发现，对育儿、育儿和育儿行为的看法受到核心家庭的趋势、女性受教育程度的增加、战后经济高速增长等经济条件变化以及社会重大变化的影响。战后不久，当现在的祖母被抚养长大时，母亲们独自承担着养育孩子的责任。在此之前，许多养育孩子的工作都是由与家人住在一起的婆婆在全家的支持下完成的。这位母亲的育儿负担并不大。作为一个正在经历青春期的女儿，她与祖母和母亲有过足够的接触，从而了解了母亲和育儿的知识。当代母亲从母亲那里学到了母性和育儿知识，但也受到了社会、文化和经济条件的影响。我们发现，这些母亲很难调和不同的影响。总而言之，我们建议回归传统行为，鼓励母亲和女儿在早年、青春期和青春期之间建立良好的关系，这样母亲和育儿的价值观就可以传承下去。最后，我们建议建立当地的支持系统，以加强适合21世纪社会的母性传统。

In Japan, the problem of a decrease in the birthrate has had a big influence throughout society, including mother-and-child health. Looking carefully at the mother-and-child relationship, we conducted research for three years using reference research, qualitative research, and quantitative research methods. The purpose of the research was to clarify the traditional nature of motherhood covering three postwar generations, considering views on a childcare, mothering, and childcare behavior. Furthermore, we sought to clarify the influence of society, economy, culture, etc. on the traditional nature of motherhood, considering the differences between generations. We found that views on a childcare, mothering, and childcare behavior have been affected by the trend toward the nuclear family, the increase in female schooling, changes in economic conditions such as postwar high economic growth, and significant changes in society. Shortly after the war when the present grandmothers were brought up, mothers bore sole responsibility for child-rearing. Before this, much of the child-rearing was done by the mother-in-law who lived with the family, with support from the whole family. The childcare burden on the mother was not great. As a daughter went through adolescence she had enough contact with her grandmother and mother to learn about motherhood and childcare. The present generation of mothers have learned about motherhood and childcare from their mothers, but have also been influenced by society, culture and economic conditions. We find that these mothers have difficulties reconciling the different influences. In conclusion, we suggest a return to traditional behavior by encouraging a good relationship between mother and daughter in the early years, through puberty and adolescence, so that values for motherhood and childcare can be passed down. Finally, we propose forming local support systems to enhance a tradition of motherhood suitable for 21st century society.