Virtual 3D head model and efficient spatial operation interfaces

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The conventional 3D objects are constructed with a large number of polygons. In our research, a solid 3D model of a human head is constructed from a set of CT or MRI images. The virtual surgery to the solid 3D head model is realized with a personal computer with a volume graphics hardware and a force feedback device called PHANToM. To fasten the rendering of the 3D solid model, a new algorithm for solid graphics was proposed and the performances of the algorithm was investigated by several experiments.A new data structure, called PMD-tree, for efficient data management and fast retrieval was proposed. The PMD-tree can manage ajot of spatial objects as well as spatial temporal objects in a 3D space efficiently. The experimental results showed the efficiencies of the PMD-tree. The PMD-tree provides the functions to check an intersection of objects quickly that is required for drilling and cutting a virtual head model.