Development of Pencil-type CCD Microscope for evaluating of renal glomerular microcirculation with normal and hypertensive Rat

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To evaluate hemodynamics of renal glomerular microcirculation, we developed a pencil-type CCD microscope for evaluating of renal glomerular microcirculation with normal and hypertensive Rat. The system consists of a pencil lens with light guides, a camera body, a control unit, light source, a monitor and a videocassette recorder. The tapered pencil lens (tip diameter : 1mm) contains relay lens surrounded by 8 annular optical-fiber light guides. The spatial resolution of this system is 0.86μm, and the temporal resolution is 16.7ms (60 frames/sec.). The focal depth is 20μm. The pencil lens probe was introduced into the superficial layer of kidney through the incision after the surgical procedure. Image of glomeruli and the adjacent afferent and efferent arterioles were continuously recorded on a videocassette tape. The time-sequential images of therenal zicrocirculation were digitized by a computer system. To measure erythrocyte velocities, a line segment was set along the glomerular capillaries in time-sequential digitized images and then a spatiotemporal image was constructed along that segment. The angle of striped pattern in the spatiotemporal image which reflects the erythrocyte velocity, was estimated to compute erythrocyte velocity vector mapping. We have succeeded in quantitatively evaluating the glomerular microcirculation by direct in-vivo observation with our intravital videomicroscope and image analyzing method. The spatiotemporal method is useful to evaluate the hemodynamic characteristic of the glomerular microcirculation in a rat, normal and abnormal.