An International Study on Practices of Alternative Education and Its Administration

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The research results of the study are summarized as a final report. Within Part I of the report, the chapters introduce practice and theories as well as structure, systems and administration of alternative schools by making the most of field surveys including interviews in America, Canada, Korea,the Netherlands, Russia, etc. In Part II, from the international comparative viewpoints the authors analyze some features of alternative education elaborated in previous chapters.Part III is a synthetic part. It reviews definitions and interpretations of the term "alternative school". After examining the special characteristics of alternative education in the modern context, the author turns to identify quantitative data relating to the number of alternative schools and students in several countries. As a result of the analysis, it can be shown that in countries, showing that in countries with an established educational stream for alternative schools, approximately 10-20% of all the schools at … More primary and secondary levels provide some form of alternative education, and that about 10% of school-age children participate in alternative education.Also Part III summarizes laws and regulations, guidelines, standards for accreditation and evaluation criteria concerning alternative education in the different countries. Furthermore, the final chapter takes the key concept of "Quality Assurance" (QA), the various regulations concerning the content of alternative education, and shows how the quality of alternative schools is ensured in several countries. There the author articulates the four ways of administering alternative education : 1) positive support/controlling administration ; 2) negative support/interfering administration ; 3) negative support/laissez-feire administration ; 4) positive support/caring administration. Theauthor stresses the problem of the first and the third type in view of recent educational trends in Japan and other countries. At the same time, he tries to search for possibilities for realizing the fourth type. Less