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Studies on seasonal change in habitat use by African great apes and conservation of tropical rain forest

非洲类人猿栖息地季节变化与热带雨林保护研究

基本信息

批准号：
12575017
负责人：
FURUICHI Takeshi
金额：
$ 7.87万
依托单位：
MEIJI-GAKUIN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study examined how chimpanzees and bonobos of genus Pan adapt to the seasonal change in environment, by comparison of the ecological researches in various types of the tropical forest in Africa.In the Kalinzu Forest, Uganda, which situates in a marginal area of the rain forest, we studied the variation of food productivity in different vegetation types in different seasons. We revealed that the density of chimpanzees depends largely on the tree species composition of each vegetation type, rather than whether it is primary or secondary vegetation. We also revealed that chimpanzees shift the use of various types of vegetation in different seasons, and that chimpanzees depend on the fruit of Musanga trees that are widely found in the secondary vegetation, in the season when the fruit productivity is low in the primary vegetation.In Ugala area, Tanzania, which situates in the dry open forest, chimpanzees used a much larger home range than chimpanzees in the wet forest. As we know more … More about their habitat use, chance of direct observation of chimpanzees in this area increased dramatically. Though not sufficient yet, we can expect further results of future studies.In the Wamba area, Democratic Republic of Congo, which situates in the central part of the rain forest, study of bonobos had been long interrupted by civil war since 1996. However, in 2002, we could resume the research with the support of Congolese research cooperators. We could rehabituate the study groups of bonobos, and now we could establish a setup to start detailed ecological surveys.As for the study for conservation of tropical forest, we made a monitoring of the effect of logging activities and process of recovery after the harvest in the Kalinzu Forest. We found that even a selective logging gives a considerable damage on the forest floor, and therefore it takes much longer time for recovery than expected. According to our report, the Forest Department of Uganda made a research for sustainable use of the forest, and decided to realize the sustainable use of this forest by introducing ecotourism. Less

本研究通过对非洲不同类型热带雨林生态研究的比较，探讨了黑猩猩和黑猩猩对环境季节变化的适应情况。我们发现，黑猩猩的密度在很大程度上取决于每种植被类型的树种组成，而不是它是初级植被还是次生植被。我们还发现，黑猩猩在不同的季节改变对各种类型植被的利用，在初级植被果实生产力较低的季节，黑猩猩依赖于次生植被中广泛存在的Musanga树的果实。在坦桑尼亚的乌加拉地区，位于干燥的疏林中，黑猩猩使用的栖息地比潮湿森林中的黑猩猩大得多。我们了解更多…随着对黑猩猩栖息地利用的了解越来越多，直接观察到黑猩猩在这一地区的机会急剧增加。虽然还不够充分，但我们可以期待未来研究的进一步结果。在位于热带雨林中部的刚果民主共和国万巴地区，对矮黑猩猩的研究自1996年以来一直因内战而中断。然而，在2002年，我们可以在刚果研究合作者的支持下恢复这项研究。对于热带森林保护的研究，我们对采伐活动的效果和采伐后的恢复过程进行了监测。我们发现，即使是选择性采伐也会对森林地面造成相当大的破坏，因此恢复需要的时间比预期的要长得多。根据我们的报道，乌干达林业部对森林的可持续利用进行了研究，并决定通过引入生态旅游来实现这片森林的可持续利用。较少