Study on reasonable accommodations and developing of entrance examination for student with visual impairment in National Center for University Entrance Examination.

国家高考中心视障学生入学考试合理安排及开展研究

• 批准号: 13410083
• 负责人: FUJII Toshitaka
• 金额: $ 7.74万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13410083/
• 关键词: the number and quality of the Braille question; cassette-tape in the university entrance exami.; candidate with visual impairment in USA; candidate with visual impairment in Germany; candidate with visual impairment in UK; candidate with visual impai

This research, consisting of four studies, explored reasonable quantity and quality of questions to be answered and the proper ways of presentations of the questions for students with visual impairment who take the university entrance examination.Study 1. Current situations in foreign countries : A field studyThe results of the field study indicated that Western countries did not necessarily focus their attentions on reasonability or fairness of accommodations for students with visual impairment in the university entrance examination. Instead, almost all of the countries focused more on the improvement of the quota system or on the moderate adjustment within the general competition. Only China was not aware of issues regarding the use of a quota system-and brailled questions.Study 2. Reasonable accommodations in the number of questions : An experimental studyUtilizing questions of the past entrance examinations, two groups were compared in terms of the relationship between the quantity … More of questions and the time taken to answer them. One group was presented the brailled questions and the other was presented the printed ones. Specifically, the effects of the decrease in the number of questions on the answering process were analyzed across the two groups. The results indicated that reducing the number of questions provided for students with visual impairment did not influence the fairness of decision.Study 3. Reasonable accommodations in the quality of questions : An experimental studyThis study examined reasonability of the use of alternatives to tables and figures attached in the questions to be answered. The alternatives included (a) explaining the tables and figures in a text mode and (b) eliminating the questions including tables and figures and substituting the questions that did not include tables and figures. In addition, utilizing several components of tactile forms (e.g., caption, figure, graph), this study attempted to formulate the process of transformation from original figures to tactile ones although the formulation in figure transformation was considered as much more difficult than in text transformation. As a result of this experiment, a foundation in developing a guideline of this process was established.Study 4. Flexibility of the presentation format : An experimental studyThis study examined the impact of test media on answering processes (e.g., scores, time taken to answer questions) of students with visual impairment and those without visual impairment. Whereas students with visual impairment were presented questions in digital voice, cassette-tape voice, and braille, those without visual impairment were in digital voice, cassette-tape voice, and printed texts. The results of this analysis suggested that both digital voice and cassette-tape voice could be used as an alternative to printed texts for students with visual impairment who take the university entrance examination. Less

本研究共分四个研究，探讨视障学生高考试题的合理数量和质量，以及试题的呈现方式。国外现况：实地研究实地研究结果显示，西方国家在大学入学考试中，并不一定重视视障学生便利的合理性或公平性。相反，几乎所有国家都更注重于配额制度的改进或在一般竞争范围内的适度调整。只有中国没有意识到使用配额制度的问题，并使用盲文提问。合理调整试题数量的实验研究利用以往高考试题，比较两组学生在试题数量与考试成绩的关系 ...更多信息 以及回答问题所需的时间。一组被要求回答盲文问题，另一组被要求回答印刷的问题。具体来说，在两组中分析了问题数量减少对回答过程的影响。研究结果显示，减少视障学生的问题数量并不会影响决策的公平性。合理调整问题质量：一项实验研究本研究考察了在回答的问题中使用替代表格和数字的合理性。替代办法包括：（a）以文字方式解释图表;（B）删除包含图表的问题，代之以不包含图表的问题。此外，利用触觉形式的几个组成部分（例如，文字、图形、图表），本研究试图阐述从原始图形到触觉图形的转换过程，尽管图形转换的过程被认为比文本转换的过程要困难得多。本实验的结果为制定该工艺的指导方针奠定了基础。演示格式的灵活性：一项实验研究这项研究考察了测试媒体对回答过程的影响（例如，成绩、回答问题所需时间）。而有视力障碍的学生提出的问题在数字语音，录音带的声音，和盲文，那些没有视力障碍的数字语音，录音带的声音，和印刷文本。本研究结果显示，数位语音与录音带语音皆可作为视障学生参加大学入学考试时，替代印刷文本的选择。少

项目成果

Fujiyoshi, Mamoru: "The Development of Unified Japanese Braille Code Based 'on the Unicode."Proceedings of the International Council on English Braille General Assembly 2004. (in press). (2004)

Fujiyoshi, Mamoru：“基于 Unicode 的统一日语盲文代码的开发”。国际英语盲文理事会 2004 年大会记录。（印刷中）。

藤芳 衛: "法科大学院適性検査試験のユニバーサル・デザイン"大学入試研究ジャーナル. (印刷中). (2004)

藤吉守：《法学院能力倾向测试的通用设计》大学入学考试研究杂志（2004 年出版）。

Fujiyoshi, Mamoru: "Estimating Testing Time Extension Ration for Students with Disabilities from Item Cumulative Curves."New Developments in Psycometric, Proceedings of the International Meeting of Psychometric Society IMPS20011. 265-272 (2003)

Fujiyoshi, Mamoru：“根据项目累积曲线估算残疾学生的测试时间延长比例。”心理测量学的新发展，心理测量学会国际会议 IMPS20011 会议记录。

Fujii, Toshitaka.(ed.): "University Entrance Examination for Student Visual Impairment in Foreign Countries."Research Division, National Center for University Entrance Examinations.. (in press).

藤井俊孝（主编）：“外国学生视力障碍的大学入学考试”。国家大学入学考试中心研究部..（出版中）。

Hiroshi Katoh: "Learning from Each Other : Comparing the Support of Blind and Visually Impaired Students in Post Secondary Education in Japan and Europe"8th International Conference, ICCHP. 753-755 (2003)

Hiroshi Katoh：“互相学习：比较日本和欧洲对盲人和视障学生在高等教育中的支持”第八届国际会议，ICCHP。