Development of the calculating method for cold and hot water supply demands based on the time series analysis of fixture usage

本研究的目的是开发一种利用个人电脑计算冷热水供应需求的新方法，如每日、每小时和瞬时需求。首先，通过对以往有关用水和灯具使用的研究和调查结果的重新分析，明确了宿舍、公寓和火车站厕所灯具使用的实际情况。其次，我们对其他建筑，如大学食堂、餐厅和办公楼的用水量和灯具使用情况进行了调查，以积累新的基础数据，并将其应用于计算模型。特别是，我们可以得到宝贵的数据，不仅在水的消耗，而且在大学食堂和餐馆的顾客数量，只有很少的基本数据存在，直到现在。此外，我们可以澄清商店特征与顾客数量之间的关系。在前人研究的基础上，结合调查结果，建立了包含固定装置使用条件的计算模型。并利用蒙特卡罗模拟技术编制了冷热水供给需求的计算程序。在计算模型方面，提出了两种模型。在公寓、办公楼卫生间和火车站卫生间各设置一个固定装置使用模型。另一个模型是单元模型，作为一个集合，总结了每个固定装置的使用情况，以便应用于具有商业厨房的建筑物，例如大学自助餐厅和餐馆。从每栋建筑的计算结果来看，通过与实测结果的比较，表明估算需求是合适的，计算方法适用于各种类型的建筑。

The purpose of this study is to develop a new calculating method for cold and hot water supply demands, such as daily, hourly, and instantaneous demands by using a personal computer.First of all, it was clarified that the actual conditions of fixture usage in a dormitory, apartments and railway station's lavatories by reexamining the previous results of study and investigation concerned with water consumption and fixture usage.Next, we carried out the investigation of water consumption and fixture usage at the other buildings, such as university cafeterias, restaurants, and office buildings in order to accumulate the new fundamental data which are applied to the calculating model. Especially, we could get valuable data not only on water consumption but also on the number of customers at the university cafeterias and restaurants where only a few fundamental data exists even now. Furthermore, we could clarify the relationship between the store characteristics and the number of customers.The calculating models contained the conditions of fixture usage were set up in each building type based on the previous studies and the results of investigation. In addition, the calculating program for cold and hot water supply demands, applied by the Monte Carlo Simulation technique, was made. As for the calculating models, two types of model were proposed. One model was set up in each fixture usage at flat, office building's restroom and railway station's lavatory. The other model was the unit model as one aggregation summed up the each fixture usage in order to apply to the buildings that have the commercial kitchens, such as university cafeterias, and restaurants.From the results of calculation in each building, it was clarified that the estimated demands were suitable by comparison with the measurement results and the calculating methods were useful for various types of buildings.