Adaptive strategies of plants to drought and high-temperature conditions and their control for plant cultivation in arid area

植物对干旱和高温条件的适应策略及其对干旱区植物栽培的控制

• 批准号: 13460113
• 负责人: TAKAHASHI Hideyuki
• 金额: $ 7.94万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13460113/
• 关键词: Deep-sowing tolerance; Hydrotropism; Plant hormone; Gibberellin; Potassium; Mutant; High-temperature injury; Male sterility; 乾燥ストレス; コムギ; シロイヌナズナ

To obtain fundamental knowledge on the adaptive strategies of plants and to develop new methods and plants that could be used for plant cultivation in arid area, we studied the mechanisms for deep-sowing tolerance of seedlings, root hydrotropism, and high-temperature-induced male sterility.Wheat seedlings emerge from the soil by elongating their first internodes. A variety of wheat tolerant to deep-sowing conditions was more sensitive to gibberellin (GA); the first internodes treated with GA elongated longer than 40 cm in the dark. Accordingly, the seedlings successfully emerged even from 40-cm depth in the soil. This GA response of the wheat was achieved by accompanying simultaneous uptake of potassium from the culture media for cellular osmoregulaiion and spiral growth for reducing mechanical impedance in the soil.We established an experimental system for the study of hydrotropism in Arabidopsis roots and revealed the involvement of abscisic acid, auxin and waving response with hydrotropism. In addition, we found that moisture gradient or water stress caused immediate degradation of the starch anchors, amyloplasts, in columella cells of Arabidopsis roots, which reduced the responsiveness of roots to gravity and thus allowed them to exhibit hydrotropism without interference by gravitropism. Also, we isolated unique hydrotropic mutants of Arabidopsis, which enabled us to dissect molecular mechanism for hydrotropism in seedling roots.We found that high temperature during floral organogenesis induced male sterility in barley. In relation to the male sterility, high temperature inhibited the expression of histone H3,H4 and glycine-rich RNA binding protein genes whose expressions are dramatically induced just before anther development. Furthermore, it was suggested that the early development and differentiation of barley anthers are hypersensitive to high temperature stress due to the inhibited transcriptions.

为了获得植物适应策略的基础知识，开发干旱区植物栽培的新方法和新植物，我们研究了小麦幼苗的耐深播性、根系向水性和高温诱导雄性不育的机制。一个品种的小麦耐深播条件下更敏感的赤霉素（GA），GA处理的第一节间伸长超过40厘米在黑暗中。因此，幼苗甚至从土壤中40厘米深的地方成功地出苗。小麦的这种GA反应是通过同时从培养基中吸收钾来调节细胞的生长和螺旋生长来降低土壤中的机械阻抗来实现的。我们建立了一个研究拟南芥根向水性的实验系统，揭示了脱落酸、生长素和波动反应与向水性的关系。此外，我们发现，水分梯度或水分胁迫引起的淀粉锚，淀粉体，在柱细胞的拟南芥根，这降低了根的响应重力，从而使他们表现出向水性而不受重力性干扰的降解。另外，我们还分离出了拟南芥中独特的向水性突变体，这使我们能够剖析幼苗根系向水性化的分子机制。我们发现，花器官发生过程中的高温诱导了大麦雄性不育。高温抑制了组蛋白H3、H4和富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白基因的表达，而这些基因在花药发育前的表达被显著诱导。高温胁迫对大麦花药早期发育和分化的影响可能与花药的蒸腾速率受到抑制有关。

项目成果

Y.Saito 他: "Isolation of cucumber CsARF cDNAs and expression of the corresponding mRNAs during gravity-regulated morphogenesis of cucumber seedlings"J.Exp.Bot.. (印刷中). (2004)

Y. Saito 等人：“黄瓜幼苗重力调节形态发生过程中黄瓜 CsARF cDNA 的分离和相应 mRNA 的表达”J.Exp.Bot..（出版中）。

N.Takahashi 他: "Hydrotropism interacts with gravitropism by degrading amyloplasts in seedling roots of Arabidopsis and radish"Plant Physiol.. 132. 805-810 (2003)

N. Takahashi 等人：“通过降解拟南芥和萝卜幼苗根中的淀粉体，向水性与向地性相互作用” Plant Physiol.. 132. 805-810 (2003)

S.Tsuda et al.: "Roots of Pisum sativum L. exhibit hydrotropism in response to a water potential gradient in vermiculite Ann.Bot. 92:767-770,2003"Annals of Botany. 92. 767-770 (2003)

S.Tsuda 等人：“豌豆的根表现出响应于蛭石中的水势梯度的向水性，Ann.Bot.92：767-770，2003”《植物学年鉴》。

H.Takahashi: "Shin-nogyo-kankyo-kogaku Perspective for 21^<st> century ISBN 4-8425-0359-9 Edited by Jap.Soc. of Environ. Control in Biol."Yokendo. 2774 (2004)

H.Takahashi：“Shin-nogyo-kankyo-kogaku Perspective for 21^<st> century ISBN 4-8425-0359-9 Edited by Jap.Soc. of Environ. Control in Biol.”Yokendo。

H.Mizuno 他: "Hydrotropic Response and Expression Pattern of Auxin-inducible Gene, CS-IAAI, in the Primary Roots of Clinorotated Cucumber Seedlings"Plant Cell Physiology. 43. 793-801 (2002)

H. Mizuno 等：“斜转黄瓜幼苗初生根中生长素诱导基因 CS-IAAI 的向水响应和表达模式”植物细胞生理学 43. 793-801 (2002)。