Development of intraoperative monitoring system to map the higher cortical function of human brain using intrinsic optical imaging.

1)新的术中记录。使用这笔赠款购买了仪器(光源、分析软件和计算机系统)。2)从人脑神经科学研究的角度出发，得到了支持人类大脑皮层感觉系统分层分布的研究成果，并发表了相关研究成果。此外，还获得了人体初级感觉皮层手部区域的详细体位表示图。在这个实验中，每个手指对刺激的感觉反应被记录在中央沟附近但不同的点上。这种解剖图只能通过光学成像获得。3)光学记录与MEG和PET VAS使用三维图像分析进行比较。4)作为记录较高皮层功能的第一步，记录左侧颞叶胶质瘤患者对纯音刺激的皮层反应。在所有患者中，在边缘上回有反应，但在颞叶上回没有反应，在术前语言刺激中，在其上记录到血流反应。这一发现提示了纯音和语言刺激之间的不同回路。5)开展了一项应用光学成像来研究人脑标本神经元反应的新项目。取顽固性癫痫患者的大脑皮质标本，用光学方法记录神经元对电刺激的反应。还记录了同一标本中的葡萄糖代谢。这些项目仍在进行中，但初步结果揭示了代谢反应和电反应之间的不同特征。

1) New intraoperative recording. apparatus (light source, analysis softoware and computer system) was ecquipped using this grant. By this, practically applicable intraopearteve real time monitoring system was established and usefully applied as guide in brain tumor surgery.2) From the point of neuroscience research of human brain, findings to support the hierarchically distributed human sensory system in cerebral cortex were obtained and the results were published. Also, detailed somatotopic representation map of hand area of human primary sensory cortex was obtained. In this, sensory response to the stimulus of each digit was recorded on the adjacent but different spots along the central sulcus. Such anatomic map is only obtainable with optical imaging.3) Comparison between optical recording, and MEG and PET vas performed using three dimensional image analyses. It revealed that the location of response specially corresponded along the axis of central sulcus but the actual three-dimensional location among gyrus was different.4) As the first step to record the higher cortical function, cortical response to pure tone stimuli was recorded in patients with left temporal glioma. In all patients, response was recorded on the supramarginal gyrus but not on the superior temporal gyrus, on which blood flow response was noted in the preoperative language stimulation. This finding suggested the different circuit between pure tone and language stimulation.5) A new project to apply the optical imaging to investigate the neuronal response of the human cerebral specimen was conducted. Cortical specimen was obtained in patients with intractable epilepsy and was incubated in camber to record the neuronal response to electrical stimulation using optical method. Recording of glucose metabolism in the same specimen was also performed. These projects are still on going but the preliminary results revealed the different characteristics between metabolic response and electrical response.