A Psychological Approach of Physical Education on Mental and Physical Development in Childhood -Based on the Results of Uchida-Kraepelin Psycho-Diagnostic Test Conducted for a Quarter Century-

本研究试图从体育心理学的角度出发，运用近30年来的研究数据，阐明儿童时期身心发展的规律，以便更好地理解每个小学生的个性特点，并在课堂上进行有效的教学。在2829名学生的样本中，内田-克拉佩林心理诊断测试(英国测试)每年一次，持续六年，根据英国测试的分析，有2737名学生的有效数据。此外，在2737名学生中，有2196名学生提供了计算平均工作曲线的有效数据。根据这13,176个数据(2,196名小学生×6岁)，计算了所有样本中人格类型和心理健康状况的比率，以及按学年划分的平均工作曲线。这些都是在统计分析和工作曲线理论的基础上进行检验的。主要研究结果如下：(1)多年来，女生的智力发展均先于男生。…更多的是观察到不同类型的发育。一例表现为平稳的线性进展，另一例表现为波动性进展。两者之间的差异是基于不同的人格类型。(2)心理健康状况反映了小学生的社会地位，社会地位低的小学生在校期间也表现出健康状况不佳的症状。尤其是有发育障碍和行为失调的小学生表现出明显的精力和积极性的缺乏。(3)心理健康水平高的小学生对学习能力、艺术能力、体育能力评价较高。特别是，擅长学习和运动的学生的心理健康水平最高。(4)显然，经历了激烈的入学考试竞争的学生承受了如此大的压力，以至于他们中的许多人在五年级时身体状况不佳。然而，值得注意的是，即使在这样的压力下，原本心理健康水平较高的小学生仍会保持良好的心理状态，反之亦然。英国测验在体育心理学中的应用研究倾向于证明躯体-心理理论。本研究对小学生发展特点的调查也是其中之一。小学生的身体特征和能力可以解释他或她的心理发展和健康状况，因为体格好的孩子往往会保持良好的心理和健康状态，反之亦然。在基础教育的早期阶段，了解小学生无法适应的特点，以提高自己，并为他们提供一个适当的环境，以提高他们的心理健康，这是很重要的。较少

This research attempted to clarify the law of mental and physical development within childhood on the standpoint of psychological approach in physical education, by making use of data that had been utilized over the last 30 years in order to understand the individuality of each pupil and teach effectively in class. Amongst the sample of 2,829 pupils who took the Uchida-Kraepelin Psycho Diagnostic Test (UK test) one a year for six years, there were valid data of 2,737 pupils in terms of the analysis of the UK test. Moreover, 2,196 pupils out of the 2,737 pupils provided valid data to calculate the average work curve. Based on these 13,176 data (2,196 pupils × 6 years), the rate by personality type and mental health state in the whole samples, and average work curve by school year were calculated. These were examined on the basis of the statistical analysis and the work curve theory. The results showed as follows. (1)Girls were in advance of boys for mental development throughout years. … More There were different types of development observed. One showed a smooth linear progression and the other showed fluctuate progression. The difference between the two was based on the different personality types. (2)The state of mental health reflected the pupils' social status and pupils of low social status were also found to show symptoms of poor health all through their years in school. Especially, pupils who had a developmental block and maladjusted behavior showed remarkable lack of energy and enthusiasm. (3)Pupils with a high mental health were set a high value on their abilities at studying, arts and sports. In particular, pupils who are good at studying and sports had the highest standard of mental health state. (4)Obviously, the pupils who experienced a heated competition for entrance examinations had got under so much pressure that many of them fell into bad health condition at year five. It was remarkable, however, even under such pressure, the pupils who originally had high standard of mental health state would keep their good mental condition, and vice verse. Research into application of the UK test in psychology of physical education tends to prove somatic-psycho theory. Investigation of pupils' developmental characteristics in this research is also one of them. Physical characteristics and ability of a pupil can explain his or her mental development and health condition, as a child of a good physique with high physical ability tends to keep good mental and healthy condition, and vice verse. At the earliest stage of the elementary education, it is important for us to understand pupils' characteristics that they cannot cope with in order to improve themselves, and besides, to provide an appropriate environment in which they will enhance their mental health. Less