Research and Development of Strategies that improve "disaster information reachability

提高“灾害信息可达性”的策略研究与开发

• 批准号: 13480120
• 负责人: TATSUKI Shigeo
• 金额: $ 8.45万
• 依托单位: DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13480120/
• 关键词: disaster shema; disaster ethnography; disaster knowledee representation; Geiyo Earthquake of 2001; disaster response; personal disaster mitigation behaviors; personal disaster preparedness behaviors; participatory workshop; 災害リスク認知; 災害態度; リスク対処意

Three inter-related research topics were deal with in the current project. The first topic was concerned with the impacts of disaster schema formation upon risk perception, preparedness and mitigation. Based on this assumption, an interview framework was developed in order to conduct ethnographic interviews with municipal government personnel, relief aid volunteers, and residents of Kure city where two major disasters hit in 1999 (typhoon-caused flood disaster) and 2001 (Geiyo earthquake disaster). It was clearly demonstrated that the 1999 flood disaster experiences helped both government personnel and residents of the area to prepare effectively for the disaster.The second project attempted,to account for causal relations among personal risk management behaviors against possible earthquake disasters using social survey data collected from 1,000 Marikina city residents in Philippines. By incorporating Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) model of reasoned action and Neisser's (1978) model of cogn … More itive schema, earthquake risk aversion specific behavior was modeled. Nine major components of the model consist of a)risk aversive behavior as measured by the degree of personal level earthquake disaster mitigation and preparedness practices, b)behavioral intention, c)attitude, d)subjective norm, e)normative belief, f)risk perception as measured by subjective probability and consequence estimates of major disasters including earthquakes, g)a disaster schema that guides individuals to construct certain phenomena as disasters, h)resources available to individuals, and i)socio-demographic variables. A series of structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables resulted in the following findings. Risk aversive behavior was directly predicted by intention, risk perception and resources. Intention was predicted by attitude, subjective norms and risk perception. Subjective norms were predicted by normative beliefs. Both perceived risk and normative belief were then predicted by the degree of disaster schema formation. The policy implications of these findings to the Marikina risk management policy were discussed.The third assumption of the project was that disaster schema can be developed by means of public education, participatory and experiential learning processes. Two type of action research projects were conducted in order to prove the above point. One project was involved with non-engineered house demolition experiments. The experiments demonstrated that locally available resources and a very minor increase in construction cost can increase the house strength quite significantly against the possible earthquake shaking. The other project was concerned with one day disaster counter measure exhibition which proved to increase people's awareness concerning not only earthquake risk but also the counter measures that people can employ in order to reduce the risk. Less

本课题涉及三个相互关联的研究课题。第一个专题涉及形成灾害模式对风险认识、备灾和减灾的影响。基于这一假设，本研究开发了一个访谈框架，对1999年（台风洪涝灾害）和2001年（Geiyo地震灾害）发生过两次重大灾害的Kure市的市政府人员、救济援助志愿者和居民进行民族志访谈。它清楚地表明，1999年的洪灾经验有助于政府人员和该地区的居民有效地应对灾害。第二个项目试图利用从菲律宾马里基纳市1000名居民中收集的社会调查数据，解释个人风险管理行为与可能发生的地震灾害之间的因果关系。结合Fishbein and Ajzen（1975）的理性行为模型和Neisser（1978）的认知行为模型，构建地震风险厌恶特定行为模型。该模型的九个主要组成部分包括：a)风险厌恶行为，以个人层面的地震减灾和备灾实践程度衡量；b)行为意图；c)态度；d)主观规范；e)规范信念；f)风险感知，以对包括地震在内的重大灾害的主观概率和后果估计衡量；g)指导个人将某些现象构建为灾害的灾害图式；h)个人可获得的资源。i)社会人口变量。一系列具有潜在变量的结构方程模型（SEM）得出以下结论。风险厌恶行为由风险意向、风险知觉和资源直接预测。意向被态度、主观规范和风险感知所预测。主观规范由规范性信念预测。感知风险和规范性信念均可通过灾难图式形成程度来预测。讨论了这些发现对马里基纳风险管理政策的政策含义。该项目的第三个假设是灾害模式可以通过公共教育、参与式和体验式学习过程来发展。为了证明上述观点，进行了两种类型的行动研究项目。其中一个项目涉及非工程房屋拆除实验。实验表明，当地可用的资源和非常小的建筑成本增加可以大大增加房屋的强度，以抵御可能的地震震动。另一个项目是为期一天的灾害应对展览，它不仅提高了人们对地震风险的认识，而且提高了人们可以采取的应对措施，以降低风险。少

项目成果

Shigeo Tatsuki: "Collaboration of different types of organizations during disaster : Toward government and civil society organization collaboration"Fire, Emergency, and Disaster Prevention. 7. 114-120 (2004)

Shigeo Tatsuki：“灾害期间不同类型组织的合作：政府和民间社会组织的合作”火灾、紧急情况和防灾。

田中聡, 林春男, 重川希志依, 浦田康幸, 亀田弘行: "災害エスノグラフィーをもちいた災害過程における共通構造に関する研究"地域安全学会論文集. 3. 181-188 (2001)

Satoshi Tanaka、Haruo Hayashi、Kishi Shigekawa、Yasuyuki Urata、Hiroyuki Kameda：“利用灾害人种学研究灾害过程中的常见结构”社区安全学会论文集 3. 181-188 (2001)。

Shigeo Tatsuki: "Individual recovery process from 1995 Kobe earthquake disaster : The 2001 panel survey and the 2002 restoration public housing tenants survey results"Proceedings of the 7^<th> Japan/United States Workshop on Urban Earthquake Hazard Reduct

辰木茂夫：《1995年神户地震灾害的个人恢复过程：2001年小组调查和2002年恢复公共住房住户调查结果》第7届日本/美国城市地震减灾研讨会论文集

林 春男, 東田光裕: "国土防災と情報技術"土木学会誌. 86-3. 20-22 (2001)

Haruo Hayashi、Mitsuhiro Higashida：“国家灾害预防和信息技术”日本土木工程师学会杂志 86-3（2001）。

Kei Horie, Haruo Hayashi, Kenneth Topping, Norio Maki, Michiko Banba, Shigeo Tatsuki, Satoshi Tanaka, Koichi Hasegawa, Keiko Tamura, Tamiyo Kondou, Yuka Karatani, Yoshinobu Fukasawa: "Development of earthquake counter measures' toolbox as a method to incr

Kei Horie、Haruo Hayashi、Kenneth Topping、Norio Maki、Michiko Banba、Shigeo Tatsuki、Satoshi Tanaka、Koichi Hasekawa、Keiko Tamura、Tamiyo Kondou、Yuka Karatani、Yoshinobu Fukasawa：“开发地震对策工具箱作为增强地震应对措施的方法