The Development and Validation of Disaster Response Personnel Placement Strategies through Competency Analyses of Disaster Responding Personnel: Scale Developments of Disaster Response Competency Profile Indices and Their Validation through Simulation Exp

通过救灾人员能力分析制定和验证救灾人员配置策略：救灾能力概况指数的量表开发及其通过模拟实验的验证

• 批准号: 16310128
• 负责人: TATSUKI Shigeo
• 金额: $ 9.86万
• 依托单位: Doshisha University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16310128/
• 关键词: Functional Analyses of Disaster Response Organizations; Disaster Response Competency; Disaster Response Competency Profile Indicies; Operation Competency; Staff Competency; Incident Commander Competency; Disaster Response Simulation; Competency Ass

This study aimed to identify observable and measurable behavior traits that were shared among highly competent disaster responders and to construct screening instruments that assessed disaster responder competency. Focus group interviews to competent experts in disaster responses were conducted in order to capture statements that typified competent disaster responders. Conceptual clustering of the statements produced three major competency categories and they were found to be associated with three major disaster response functions. Those were namely 1) incident commander competency, 2) management staff competency (Intelligence, Planning, and Logistics), and 3) operation competency. Four experts on each function/competency from the Kobe City Fire Department were interviewed in order to examine content validity of the competency statements/items. These validation interviews formed a basis to construct a preliminary multiple choice instrument to measure disaster response competencies. Two … More other types of instruments were simultaneously constructed, one a free-answer questionnaire, the other a questionnaire that asked respondents to evaluate hypothetical cases on disaster response. Three different instruments measuring three different competencies were administered to fifty disaster responders at Kobe City Fire Department and thirty-three questionnaires were returned. Standard item analysis procedures were conducted and the best items representing each corresponding competency in each instrument were selected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was applied to test construct validity of the refined instruments by analyzing multitrait-multimethod (Mnsm) variance-covariance matrix data obtained from the selected items. The analysis results validated the construct validity of the refined instruments. The instrument was thereafter named the first version of Disaster Response Competency Profile Indices (DRCPI). The DRCPI questionnaires were administered to 378 firefighters in Mid-to Western-Japan municipalities. Incident commander DRCPI scores were found to be significantly high among incident commanders compared with operation or staff personnel. Less

本研究旨在确定高能力的灾难反应者之间共有的可观察和可测量的行为特征，并构建评估灾难反应者能力的筛选工具。对有能力的灾害应对专家进行了焦点小组访谈，以便获得典型的有能力的灾害应对者的陈述。这些陈述的概念聚类产生了三个主要的能力类别，并且发现它们与三个主要的灾害反应功能有关。即1)事件指挥官能力，2)管理人员能力（情报、计划和后勤），以及3)操作能力。为了检查能力陈述/项目的内容有效性，我们采访了神户市消防局各职能/能力方面的四位专家。这些验证访谈形成了一个基础，以构建一个初步的多项选择工具来衡量灾害应对能力。同时构建了更多其他类型的工具，一个是自由回答的问卷，另一个是要求受访者评估关于灾害反应的假设案例的问卷。对神户市消防局的50名救灾人员进行了三种不同能力的测量，并发放了33份问卷。进行标准项目分析程序，并选择代表每种仪器中每个相应能力的最佳项目。采用结构方程建模（SEM）技术，通过对所选项目的多性状-多方法（Mnsm）方差-协方差矩阵数据进行分析，检验精制仪器的结构效度。分析结果验证了改进后的仪器结构的有效性。此后，该工具被命名为灾害应对能力概况指数（DRCPI）的第一版。DRCPI调查问卷对日本中西部各市的378名消防员进行了调查。与行动人员或工作人员相比，事故指挥官的DRCPI得分明显较高。少