The Development and Validation of Disaster Response Personnel Placement Strategies through Competency Analyses of Disaster Responding Personnel: Scale Developments of Disaster Response Competency Profile Indices and Their Validation through Simulation Exp

这项研究旨在确定高能力灾难应对人员共有的可观察和可测量的行为特征，并构建评估灾难应对人员能力的筛查工具。对灾害应对方面的称职专家进行了焦点小组访谈，以便收集有能力的救灾人员的典型陈述。这些说明的概念性分类产生了三个主要能力类别，并发现它们与三个主要的灾害应对职能有关。即1)事件指挥官能力，2)管理人员能力(情报、规划和后勤)，3)操作能力。采访了神户市消防局每项职能/能力的四名专家，以检查能力声明/项目的内容有效性。这些验证访谈构成了构建初步多项选择工具以衡量灾害应对能力的基础。两个…同时编制了更多其他类型的工具，一种是自由回答的问卷，另一种是让受访者评估关于灾害应对的假设案例的问卷。神户市消防局的50名灾难应急人员接受了三种测量三种不同能力的不同工具的测试，并收回了33份问卷。进行了标准项目分析程序，并选择了代表每个工具中每个相应能力的最佳项目。运用结构方程建模技术，通过分析所选项目的多性状-多方法(Mnsm)方差-协方差矩阵数据，检验精化工具的结构效度。分析结果验证了精化工具的结构效度。此后，该工具被命名为灾害应对能力概况指数(DRCPI)的第一个版本。DRCPI问卷对日本中西部城市的378名消防员进行了调查。事件指挥官的DRCPI得分在事件指挥官中显著高于操作人员或参谋人员。较少

This study aimed to identify observable and measurable behavior traits that were shared among highly competent disaster responders and to construct screening instruments that assessed disaster responder competency. Focus group interviews to competent experts in disaster responses were conducted in order to capture statements that typified competent disaster responders. Conceptual clustering of the statements produced three major competency categories and they were found to be associated with three major disaster response functions. Those were namely 1) incident commander competency, 2) management staff competency (Intelligence, Planning, and Logistics), and 3) operation competency. Four experts on each function/competency from the Kobe City Fire Department were interviewed in order to examine content validity of the competency statements/items. These validation interviews formed a basis to construct a preliminary multiple choice instrument to measure disaster response competencies. Two … More other types of instruments were simultaneously constructed, one a free-answer questionnaire, the other a questionnaire that asked respondents to evaluate hypothetical cases on disaster response. Three different instruments measuring three different competencies were administered to fifty disaster responders at Kobe City Fire Department and thirty-three questionnaires were returned. Standard item analysis procedures were conducted and the best items representing each corresponding competency in each instrument were selected. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was applied to test construct validity of the refined instruments by analyzing multitrait-multimethod (Mnsm) variance-covariance matrix data obtained from the selected items. The analysis results validated the construct validity of the refined instruments. The instrument was thereafter named the first version of Disaster Response Competency Profile Indices (DRCPI). The DRCPI questionnaires were administered to 378 firefighters in Mid-to Western-Japan municipalities. Incident commander DRCPI scores were found to be significantly high among incident commanders compared with operation or staff personnel. Less