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Effects of pathogens and parasites on wildlife populations

病原体和寄生虫对野生动物种群的影响

基本信息

批准号：
13480181
负责人：
TSUBAKI Yoshitaka
金额：
$ 7.36万
依托单位：
National Institute for Environmental Studies
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We investigated the relationship between the abundance of mid-gut parasites (eugregarine trophozooites) and the survival of hosts (field-collected damselflies, Mnais costalis) under laboratory conditions. Males of M.costalis are morphologically and behaviorally polymorphic, typically existing as clear-winged nonterritorial sneaks and orange-winged territorial fighters (the latter are larger in size). The survival cost of eugregarine infection for the two morphs was compared. The results suggest that the abundance of eugregarine parasites exerts a substantial cost, which is associated with the maintenance of alternative mating strategies, together with the higher developmental cost and energy expenditure of the fighter morph.We investigated natural populations of three Japanese native bumblebee species to determine the infection by a tracheal mite, Locustacarus buchneri, which had been detected in introduced commercial colonies of the European bumblebee, Bombus terrestirs. The results indicated that transportation of bumblebee colonies will cause overseas migration of parasitic mites of different origins.We examined five warbler species (three migratory and two resident) for the prevalence of blood parasites. The blood mears were stained using Giemsa's stain to determine the presence of blood parasites under a microscope with a 100x oil immersed objective. Resident species were found to be less infected than migratory species with Plasmodium sp. This low prevalence of blood parasites possibly due to the lack to suitable insect vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) within Japan, however, the global climate change may cause higher parasite prevalence in resident warbles due to northward shift of vector distributions.

我们调查了中肠寄生虫（eugregarine滋养体）的丰度和宿主（现场收集的豆娘，Mnais costalis）在实验室条件下的生存之间的关系。雄性的M.costalis在形态上和行为上都是多态的，典型的存在形式是清晰的翅膀非领土潜行者和橙色翅膀的领土战士（后者的体型更大）。比较了两种变体的优孕灵感染的生存成本。结果表明，丰富的eugregarine寄生虫发挥了巨大的成本，这是与维护替代交配策略，以及更高的发展成本和能量消耗的战斗机morph.We调查了自然种群的三个日本本土熊蜂物种，以确定感染气管螨，Locustacarus buchneri，在引进的欧洲熊蜂的商业蜂群中检测到了这种细菌。结果表明，熊蜂的运输会引起不同来源的寄生螨的海外迁移。我们检查了五种莺（三个迁徙和两个居民）的血液寄生虫的流行。使用Giemsa染色剂对米尔斯进行染色，以在具有100倍油浸物镜的显微镜下确定血液寄生虫的存在。发现居住物种比迁移物种感染疟原虫的程度要低。血液寄生虫的低流行率可能是由于缺乏合适的昆虫载体（例如，蚊子），但是，全球气候变化可能会导致更高的寄生虫流行率在驻地莺由于向北转移的媒介分布。