The development of artifical cell motility and analysis of 3D motility

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Movement is a fundamental charlatanistic of all living things. This is a biogenic function that is attributed to the molecular motors such as kinesin, dynein and myosin. Molecular motors generate forces by using chemical energy derived from the hydrolysis reaction of ATP molecules. Despite a large number of studies on this topic, the chemomechanical energy transduction mechanism still remains unsolved. In this study, the chemomechanical coupling of the ATPase cycle to the mechanical events has been examined for the molecular motor kinesin using single molecule detection (SMD) techniques. The SMD techniques allowed the detection of the movement of single kinesin molecules along a microtubule and showed that kinesin moves in a stepwise manner. Kinesin steps mainly in the forward direction, but occasionally in the backward direction, indicating that the stepping motion is determined by stochastic processes. The stepwise movement is essentially driven by Brownian motion biased in the forward direction and is caused by the interaction between kinesin and the microtubule, which can be dynamically changed by the free energy of ATP hydrolysis.