New Directions for Development of Interactive Services with Community at Care Facilities for the Elderly

本研究的目的是提出一种新型的社区互动服务，为养老机构的老年人提供社区互动服务，并为这些服务提出新的方向和评价。本研究基于以下方法进行了为期三年的研究：1.社会系统：调查了影响老年人独立和发展的社会系统。结果表明，建立支持老年人在服务上自主决策的新制度的重要性，不仅取决于他们的情况，而且取决于他们的尊严。2.医疗制度：支持建立老年人社区医疗环境。在京都地区因老龄化而人口减少的地区，我们观察并参与了建立自己的医疗保健中心的社区运动。3.人类生活与环境：考虑到减轻老年人、他们的照顾者和家庭成员的精神压力，我们关注能够激励他们在日常生活中自主决策的生活环境。分析居住、饮食和衣物在环境中的作用。4.心理行为：在这种方法中，我们开发并心理行为评估了护理机构为老年人提供的新服务，这些服务促进了与照顾者、老年人家庭成员和社区的合作。这一结果发表在第8届欧洲心理学大会和第67届日本心理学大会上。从生理上讲，我们发现替代自主神经体温调节的行为体温调节功能下降，老年人的皮肤温度感受器减弱。这些结果应该在未来为老年人设计生活环境时加以考虑。基于这些发现，我们建议了新的服务，这些服务高度重视老年人的人格尊严，并通过单元护理来适应护理机构中老年人的个人生活方式。

The purposes of this study were to propose new kinds of community interaction services for the elderly at care facilities and to suggest new directions and evaluations for the services. The study was conducted for three years based on the following approaches.1.Social System: Social systems influencing support for the independence and development of the elderly were investigated. The results showed the importance of establishing a new system that supports autonomous decision-making by the elderly on services, depending not only on their circumstances but also on their dignity.2.Medical system: We supported the establishment of a community medical environment for the elderly. At one of the areas depopulated by ageing in Kyoto Prefecture, we observed and participated in the community movement to build their own medical health care center.3.Human life and environment: Considering mental stress reduction for the elderly, their caregivers, and family members, we focused on living environments that could motivate them to make autonomous decisions in their daily lives. Functions of dwelling, diet, and clothing in the environments were analyzed.4.Psycho-behavior: In this approach, we developed and psycho-behaviorally assessed new services for the elderly at care facilities which promote collaboration with caregivers, family members of the elderly, and the community. The results were presented at the 8th Congress of European Psychology and the 67th Congress of Japanese Psychology.Physiologically, we found declines of functions in behavioral thermoregulation that substitutes for autonomic thermoregulation, and that skin thermoreceptors in the elderly were weakened. These results should be considered when designing life environments for the elderly in the future. Based on these findings, we suggested new services which hold the human dignity of the elderly in high regard, and which accommodate the individual lifestyles of the elderly at care facilities through Unit Care.