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Development of the multi-anvil deformation apparatus and rheology of the upper mantle

上地幔多砧变形装置和流变学的发展

基本信息

批准号：
13554013
负责人：
KATSURA Tomoo
金额：
$ 9.09万
依托单位：
OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We developed the engineering to automatically manufacture hard-ceramics parts for high-pressure experiments using automill that was purchased by the present budget. The automill was originally designed to manufacture not hard-ceramics but metal. Therefore, we developed special techniques to manufacture hard-ceramics with high precision and without damaging the machine.We developed technique of high-pressure generation for a multi-anvil apparatus. Using tungsten carbide and sintered diamond anvils, respectively, we successfully generated 34 and 63 GPa.We tried to conduct deformation experiments in a cubic-anvil apparatus in which a hole was made in one anvil and micropiston was applied to deform the sample through the hole. First, because an anvil with a hole has very low strength, we optimize the anvil shape to survive at 4 GPa. In a trial experiment, we adoped A12O3 rod as a dummy sample, and tried to estimate the deviatoric stress on the dummy sample by subtracting the load applied to the micropiston before and after touching the sample. However, we were not able to observe any clear change of applied load to the micropiston, even though we tried many kinds of sample environments.We obtained the following experimental results on rheology of the mantle minerals. 1) The temperature derivatives of bulk and shear moduli of Mg_2SiO_4 wadsleyite are -0.0175(3) and -0.0159(1) GPa/K, respectively. 2) The temperature derivatives of bulk and shear moduli of Mg_2SiO_4 ringwoodite are -0.0193(9) and -0.0148(3) GPa/K, respectively. 3) The temperature derivatives of bulk and shear moduli of MgSiO_3 perovskite are -0.029(2) and -0.024(1) GPa/K, respectively. 4) Thermal expansion coefficient Mg_2SiO_4 ringwoodite in the lower part of the mantle transition zone is 2.6×10^<-5>/K. 5) Thermal expansion coefficient Mg_2SiO_4 ringwoodite in the lower part of the mantle transition zone is 3.2×10^<-5>/K.

我们开发了一项工程，利用目前预算购买的Automill自动制造用于高压实验的硬质陶瓷部件。这家汽车厂最初的设计初衷不是生产硬质陶瓷，而是生产金属。因此，我们开发了特殊的技术，在不损坏机器的情况下制造高精度的硬质陶瓷。我们开发了多砧座装置的高压产生技术。分别用碳化钨和烧结金刚石锤产生了34个和63个GP。我们尝试在一个砧座上开一个孔，用微活塞使试件通过孔来变形。首先，因为有孔的砧座强度很低，所以我们优化了砧座形状，使其在4 GPA下仍能使用。在试验性实验中，我们采用Al_2O_3棒作为虚拟试件，并尝试通过减去接触试件前后施加在微活塞上的载荷来估算虚拟试件上的偏应力。然而，即使我们尝试了多种样品环境，也没有观察到施加在微活塞上的载荷有任何明显的变化。1)Mg_2SiO_4 wadsleyite的体相和剪切模量的温度导数分别为-0.0175(3)和-0.0159(1)Gpa/K。2)Mg_2SiO_4环形木材的体积和剪切弹性模量的温度导数分别为-0.0193(9)和-0.0148(3)Gpa/K。3)镁硅钙钛矿的体弹性和剪切弹性模量的温度导数分别为-0.029(2)和-0.024(1)Gpa/K。4)地幔过渡带下部的Mg_2SiO_4环木热膨胀系数为2.6×10~(-5)/K。5)地幔过渡带下部的Mg_2SiO_4环木热膨胀系数为3.2×10~(-5)/K。