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Investigation for the design of new fish way to be modeled on step and pool systems in mountain streams

仿照山间溪流阶梯和水池系统的新鱼道设计研究

基本信息

批准号：
13555139
负责人：
HASEGAWA Kazuyoshi
金额：
$ 5.12万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study aims to establish the way of design of a new fish way as is modeled on a natural mountain stream with step and pool systems on the bed, which is assumed to be constructed as a by-pass adjacent sediment reservoir dam etc. From investigation into the bed topography and the function to the creatures in natural mountain streams, following facts and way of design were found.1. A steep channel consisting of the pebbles with Talbot grain size distribution. in weight is suitable to construct a fish way, since there will develop alternating bars as Knell as step and pools on the bed to provide well habitat far aqua creatures.2. Three kind of structures can be seen in the step systems in mountain rivers such (1) consisting of the uniform pebbles aligned transversely to the channel, (2) consisting of the small pebbles those sequential form shows complex connecting circles with different diameter and (3) consisting of the big pebbles and boulders those sequential farm shows simple conne … More cting circles. For the fish way, the structure of (1) can be easily constructed, however, the pool to be generated will be shallow The structure (3) can provide a diversity of habitat with deep pools, however, this type of structure develops only at a reflection point of flow (top of a bar front) in natural rivers.3. Individual numbers and density of benthos living at the step of (3) are greater or higher than those at the step (1). Then, individual numbers of benthos at a part of step are greater than those at the part of downstream pool, but the tendency becomes reverse on the number of species, because organic nutritive matter line dead leaves can be trapped at the chinks between step stones and rapid flow on the step selects the species possibly to stay on the surface of step stones.4. According to results of examination for contents of the stomach, fishes of salmon family have a nature to take terrestrial insects (94%), and domiciliation fishes eat mainly aqua insects (99%).5. Design of a fish way will be conducted as : to determine the space length and height of steps with the data of bed slope, design discharge and grain size distribution of bed material, to decide the channel width by considering the generating condition to alternating bars, to prepare the artificial step structure consisting of the pebbles and boulders in place, to arrange the steps with the form of (1) or (3) and to lay the soil in place, to run water for self forming the pools, and to plant vegetation for covering the channel. Less

本研究旨在建立一个新的鱼道的设计方法，模拟一个天然的山区溪流，在床上的步骤和池系统，这是假设建造作为一个旁路附近的泥沙水库大坝等，从调查的床地形和功能的生物在天然山区溪流，发现以下事实和设计方法。由具有塔尔博特粒度分布的卵石组成的陡峭河道。在重量上适合建造鱼道，因为在河床上会形成交替的沙洲和池塘，为水生生物提供良好的栖息地。山区河流阶状系统有三种结构：（1）由均匀分布的卵石组成的阶状系统，（2）由小卵石组成的阶状系统，其序贯形态表现为不同直径的复杂连接圈;（3）由大卵石和卵石组成的阶状系统，其序贯形态表现为简单连接圈。 ...更多信息打圈子。对于鱼的方式，结构（1）可以很容易地构建，但是，池将产生浅结构（3）可以提供栖息地的多样性与深池，但是，这种类型的结构只发展在一个反射点的流动（顶部的酒吧前）在天然河流。3.在步骤（3）中生活的底栖生物的个体数量和密度大于或高于步骤（1）中的个体数量和密度。其次，阶地部分底栖动物个体数大于下游池部分，但物种数的变化趋势相反，这是因为阶地的有机营养物质可以截留在阶石缝隙处，而阶地的快速水流选择了可能停留在阶石表面的物种.根据胃内容物的检查结果，鲑鱼科鱼类具有摄食陆生昆虫的天性（94%），而淡水鱼主要摄食水生昆虫（99%）。鱼道的设计将按照以下方式进行：根据河床比降、设计流量和床料粒度分布等资料确定台阶的间距和高度，考虑交错沙坝的生成条件确定河道宽度，在原地制作由卵石和漂石组成的人工台阶结构，将台阶按（1）或（3）的形式布置，并在原地铺土，流水自成池，种植植被覆盖渠道。少