Application of microcrystalline cellulose to composite materials and anisotropic media

为了开发基于微纤维特性的新型材料，对天然纤维素和甲壳素进行了表征和化学修饰。阐述了纤维素微晶悬浮液(棒状胶体)的几个新方面，如：细菌纤维素微晶形成向列相中间相及微量电解质的影响；聚乙二醇/葡聚糖结合(聚合物刷体系)对微晶的空间稳定作用。微晶中间相用于蛋白质核磁共振分析的尝试失败了，因为蛋白质-纤维素相互作用和取向效应之间的平衡不佳。纤维微晶与丝素蛋白复合膜的机械强度与混合比有反常的依赖关系。这一特征归因于纤维素晶体对丝素的外延作用，在红外光谱中显示了β-折叠的形成。考察了β-甲壳素的包合范围。脂肪胺被发现是特别有效的试剂。通过新型干燥方法对纤维素微晶进行热解碳化，得到了具有微细纤维形态和较大肾外比表面积的新型碳，这对电极和复合材料的应用具有潜在的优势。

Characterization and chemical modification of native cellulose and chitin was pursued for developing novel materials based on microfibrillar characteristics.1. Several new aspects of cellulose microcrystal suspension (rod-like colloid) were elucidated, such as : nematic mesophase formation by microcrystals from bacterial cellulose and influence of trace electrolyte ; successful steric stabilization of microcrystals by PEG/dextran binding (polymer brush systems).2. Attempts for utilization of microcrystal mesophase to protein NMR analysis were unsuccessful due to poor balances between protein-cellulose interaction and orientational effects.3. Composite film of cellulose microcrystal and silk fibroin showed anomalous dependence of mechanical strength on mixing ratio. This feature was ascribed to epitaxial effect of cellulose crystal on fibroin, which showed formation of beta-sheet in infrared spectroscopy.4. Scope of inclusion complexation of beta-chitin was investigated. Aliphatic amines were found to be particularly effective agents.5. Pyrolytic carbonization of cellulose microcrystals through novel drying methods gave novel form of carbon with microfibrillar morphologies and large extrenal surface area, potentially advantageous for electrode and composite material applications.