Chitin and chitinases in SARS-CoV-2 infection

SARS-CoV-2 感染中的几丁质和几丁质酶

• 批准号: 10742004
• 负责人: Steven Van Dyken
• 金额: $ 19.46万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742004
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; ACE2; Acute; Address; Affect; Air; Airborne Particulate Matter; Antibodies; Area; Attenuated; Binding; Biological Markers; COVID-19; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 severity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cessation of life; Chitin; Chitinase; Chronic; Clinical; Coughing; Data; Deposition; Diabetes Mellitus; Dictyoptera; Disease; Disease Outcome; Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Elderly; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fever; Functional disorder; Health; House Dust Mite Allergens; Housing; Human; Hypertension; Immune response; Impairment; Infection; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Inhalation; Injury; Integration Host Factors; Link; Long-Term Effects; Lung; Lung diseases; Lung immune response; Mediating; Molds; Molecular; Mus; Pathologic; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Physiology; Polymers; Polysaccharides; Population; Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection; Process; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pulmonary Pathology; Race; Recombinants; Recovery; Reporter; Respiratory Disease; Respiratory Failure; Risk; Role; SARS-CoV-2 infection; SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis; Severities; Severity of illness; TMPRSS2 gene; Testing; Therapeutic; Translations; United States; Viral; Viral Respiratory Tract Infection; Virus Diseases; age related; airway epithelium; biomarker identification; cytokine release syndrome; demographics; enzyme therapy; epithelial injury; ethnic minority population; fibrotic lung disease; gain of function; global health; illness length; improved; innovation; loss of function; mortality; mouse model; new therapeutic target; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; pandemic disease; particle; patient stratification; post SARS-CoV-2 infection; predictive marker; receptor; response; restoration; severe COVID-19; therapeutic target; transgene expression; treatment strategy

ABSTRACT Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis, surpassing 100 million infections in the United States. SARS- CoV-2 infections range from asymptomatic to respiratory failure and death, and can result in an array of long- term effects collectively referred to as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The pathobiological mechanisms and environmental factors underlying the intensity and duration of these effects remain unclear, but a range of chronic lung impairments that resemble complications associated with age-related pulmonary fibrosis have been documented in severe COVID-19, suggesting that environmental drivers implicated in pulmonary fibrosis may also influence the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and PASC. We have identified the environmental constituent chitin as a candidate environmental driver of persistent SARS-CoV-2- induced disease, consistent with its previously described role in pulmonary fibrosis. Our preliminary studies show that chitin spontaneously accumulates in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, and is accompanied by alterations in the expression patterns of the major lung chitinase, AMCase, suggesting that chitin-chitinase interactions may contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. In comparison with wild-type (WT) controls, mice that genetically lack AMCase exhibit exacerbated lung pathology after infection with SARS-CoV-2, implicating chitin and chitinases in the pathologic sequelae that occur during the recovery phase. Thus, we hypothesize that environmental chitin can drive COVID-19 severity, epithelial dysregulation, and disease persistence, and that epithelial chitinases attenuate this process by degrading chitin. In this project, we leverage recently developed mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and chitin exposure to delineate a host-environmental interaction that may contribute to persistent lung impairments following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will test our hypothesis by addressing two Aims: (1) determine the influence of environmental chitin on the severity and persistence of lung pathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) define the role of mammalian chitinases in SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistent lung disease. Understanding how environmental chitin influences long-lasting pathologic responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with differential disease outcomes in COVID-19 and PASC.

摘要 2019年严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）及其导致的冠状病毒疾病 （COVID-19）已造成全球健康危机，美国感染人数超过1亿。SARS- CoV-2感染的范围从无症状到呼吸衰竭和死亡，并可导致一系列长期的- 术语效应统称为SARS-CoV-2感染后急性后遗症（PASC）。的 这些影响的强度和持续时间的病理生物学机制和环境因素 目前尚不清楚，但一系列慢性肺损伤，类似于与年龄相关的并发症， 在严重的COVID-19中已经记录了肺纤维化，这表明环境驱动因素 与肺纤维化有关也可能影响SARS-CoV-2感染和PASC的过程。我们有 确定了环境成分几丁质作为持续性SARS-CoV-2的候选环境驱动因素， 诱导的疾病，与其先前描述的在肺纤维化中的作用一致。我们的初步研究显示 甲壳素在SARS-CoV-2感染小鼠的肺部自发积累，并伴随着 主要肺几丁质酶AMCase表达模式的改变，表明几丁质-几丁质酶 相互作用可能有助于SARS-CoV-2的发病机制。与野生型（WT）对照相比， 在SARS-CoV-2感染后，遗传上缺乏AMCase的患者表现出加重的肺部病理学， 以及在恢复期发生的病理后遗症中的几丁质酶。因此，我们假设， 环境甲壳素可以驱动COVID-19的严重程度、上皮失调和疾病持续， 上皮几丁质酶通过降解几丁质来减弱该过程。在这个项目中，我们利用最近开发的 SARS-CoV-2感染和几丁质暴露的小鼠模型，以描述宿主-环境相互作用， 可能导致SARS-CoV-2感染后的持续性肺损伤。我们将测试我们的假设， 目的：（1）确定环境甲壳素对肺损伤的严重程度和持续性的影响 SARS-CoV-2感染后的病理学，以及（2）确定哺乳动物几丁质酶在SARS-CoV-2感染中的作用 和持续性肺病了解环境几丁质如何影响长期病理 SARS-CoV-2感染后的反应可能导致新的生物标志物和治疗靶点的鉴定 与COVID-19和PASC的不同疾病结局相关。