The Role of Indigenous Peoples in Rebuilding Democratic Nations in Latin America

这项研究阐明了拉丁美洲国家和土著人民之间的关系是如何变化的：特别是危地马拉、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜和玻利维亚。在所涉的四个国家中，研究小组的所有四名成员都去过危地马拉，调查了民主化的过渡阶段。我们发现，危地马拉必须正视过去，铭记所发生的一切，以便迈向未来，而不是忘记许多玛雅人民遭受的不可否认的暴行。作为重建国家努力的一部分，对内战受害者的赔偿；然而，在2003年期间，它一如既往地受到政治操纵。Kozaki和Iijima调查了墨西哥、尼加拉瓜和玻利维亚的土著运动；玻利维亚的案件具有启发性，因为玻利维亚的土著运动已经动员起来，目的是为了形成一股反对全球化的力量--向外部输出资源。土著社会运动的弱点在历史上是显而易见的：它很容易被国家权力利用为民族主义。所有四名调查人员都认为，即使在全球化时代，土著政治的作用也不能被忽视，因为它以一种不同于全球化大国的方式阐明了地方--即使是全球化力量也必须锚定自己的东西--以及国家和全球。它将本地连接用作资产，而不是约束。土著运动的这些方面需要进一步调查。

This research has clarified how the relationships between the state and indigenous peoples have been changing in Latin America : in particular, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Bolivia. Among the four countries in question all four members of the research team have been to Guatemala and investigated the transitional phase in democratization. We found that Guatemala must face the past by remembering what had happened, in order to move forward to the future, rather than forgetting the undeniable atrocity many Mayan peoples have suffered. As part of an effort in reconstructing nation is restitution for the victims of the civil war ; however, it has been subject as usual to political manipulation during 2003.Kozaki and Iijima have investigated the indigenous movements in Mexico, Nicaragua and Bolivia ; the Bolivian case is instructive in a sense that the Bolivian indigenous movements have been mobilized for the purpose of forging a force against the globalization-export of resource to outside. The weakness of indigenous social movements have been historically evident : it becomes easily co-opted by the state power for nationalism. The same has been repeated once again in 2003.All four investigators feel that the role of indigenous politics cannot be ignored even in time of globalization, since it articulates, in a way different from the globalizing powers, the local-something that even the globalizing forces must anchor themselves-and the national and global. It utilizes the local connection as assets rather than constraints. These aspects of indigenous movements need further investigation.