A Comparative Research on the Declaration of Will to the Terminal Care, pre-arranged Funeral and pre-need Burial

为了明确老年人在2001-2002年间申报遗嘱的考虑因素，我们进行了研究，以明确老年人申报遗嘱的考虑。在2001-2002年间，老年人申报遗嘱的方式有：遗嘱的意向、遗体的选择、遗体的遗体、遗体的遗体和遗体的遗体。研究了欧洲、美国和亚洲国家生前遗嘱的丧葬传统和风俗习惯。此外，对我国老年人晚年需要前契约进行了比较，并对日本的临终关怀意向进行了研究。不仅在美国，在我国也是如此，它意识到将自己对医疗和葬礼的意愿或感觉描述为代理人，并将晚年需要之前的葬礼合同澄清为…美式预先安排的丧葬方式开始在亚洲国家传播开来，在这些国家，一些殡仪馆和墓地提供预先需要(预先安排)的葬礼。从战后的婴儿潮一代到美国作为老年社会的晚年生活中增加了一段老年时期的合同。此外，为了促进临终关怀的生命伦理的认识，正在成为一个无论在医院还是在家住的老年患者都要求临终关怀的社会。本研究不仅需要护理为自立的老年时期的生活做准备，而且认识到死亡的观点也是明确的。然而，临终关怀也存在一些问题。在我国，在临终关怀机构住院也有很多人认识到，临终关怀意向也在医疗机构。有人澄清说，对病人的照顾比病人和家属的晚年生命更重要。在日本，生命和死亡并不是一条线上的一条线，因为临终关怀的意向声明为临终医疗和丧葬遗嘱声明为预先安排的葬礼是如何截然不同的。日本老年人很容易想到从生到死的连续意图，否则在独立死亡之前更难考虑自己葬礼的前置需要。先需(预先安排)丧葬契约在人们的生活中是不同的，这是丧葬、殡葬法律和习俗的意图，与亚洲国家和美国相比，我们得出结论，可以说，我们指出了需要前丧葬的日本式。在人们有生之年，逐渐在亚洲国家出现的美国式临终关怀丧葬遗嘱合同正在延伸。在人们的有生之年，该合同显示了亚洲国家不同于日本的“亚洲式”进步的方向性。此外，在欧洲和美国，临终关怀、丧葬习俗甚至殡仪法都显示出不同的一面。在我国，先期丧葬作为美国式和亚洲式的丧葬已经进入了人们的视线。这是对遗嘱申报到临终关怀和生前丧葬合同的国际比较研究的结果。较少

We administrated researches to clarify consideration by which the senior citizen declared their wills for terminal care and nursing care as proxy and pre-need funeral and pre-need burial from 2001 to 2002.There are exists as a method of declaring the intention, choices in the declaration of the intention to terminal care, funereal and burial.This is a research on fieldwork to do the comparison research on Japan and various foreign countries on this field. We researched the living will pre-need funereal, funereal tradition and customs in the European countries, the U.S. and Asian countries. Moreover, to compare it pre-need contract during later life of senior citizens in our country.In addition, it executed this research concerning the intention for the terminal care at hospice in Japan. Not only in the U.S. but also in our country, it aware to describe own will or sense toward the medical care and funeral as the proxy and the pre-need funeral contract was during later life clarified an … More d it begin to spread of American pre-arranged funereal way out in Asian countries where are some funeral home and cemetery provide as pre-need (pre-arranged) funereal.From the baby boomer in postwar days approaches to an increase of the contract as having an aged period during later life in the United States as an aged society.Moreover, it was clarified for the acknowledgment of the life ethics to facilitate the hospice care, and to be becoming a society where the hospice was requested by the old patient regardless of the hospital or staying. Need not put not only nursing the preparation for the life of an aged period for independence but also the death in view is recognized became clear by this research.However, there is some problem in regard to the hospice care, too. In our country, there is a lot of being understood that hospitalization at the hospice declared the patients intention to terminal care also in the medical treatment organization. It was clarified that the care of the patient was valued more than the later life of the patient and the family for that. Neither the life nor the death are caught in Japan on the same line because how the declaration of the intention for the terminal care as medical treatment for the end of life and the declaration of the will for funeral as pre-arranged funeral were quite different.The Japanese elderly think about "Consecutive intention from the life to the death" easily otherwise it is more difficult to think about pre-need of own funeral before die independently. The pre-need (pre-arranged) funeral contract was during people's life different which is the intention of funereal, mortuary law and custom compared with Asian countries and the United States.We concluded and can be said, we pointed out "Japanese type" of pre-need funeral. During people's lifetime, the contract of funereal, will for the terminal care at hospice of an American type that came to be shown in Asian countries gradually has been extending.During people's lifetime, the contract shows the directionality of progress different from Japan to "Asian type" in Asian countries. Moreover, terminal care, funereal custom and even mortuary law show a different aspect in European countries and the United States. The progress as pre-need funeral has come into view to our country as an American type and an Asian type. This is a result of the international comparison research on the declaration of the will to the terminal care and pre-need funereal contract before die. Less