Study on the Formation of an Urban Community and Principle of Organizing Inhabitants

城市社区的形成及居民组织原则研究

• 批准号: 13572004
• 负责人: KURASAWA Aiko
• 金额: $ 3.84万
• 依托单位: Keio University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13572004/
• 关键词: Neighborhood Organization; Indonesia; Jakarta; Urban Community; 都市; 社会史; 市場; 都市コミュニティー; オーラル・リサーチ; 都市形成; 組織原理

This study aimed at analyzing the process. of urbanization and changing principle of organizing grass roots people in the capital city if Indonesia, Jakarta, where population grew rapidly under Suharto regime (1966-1998). We have chosen a town of Lenteng Agung in South Jakarta as a field of research. We picked up a women's association aiming at promoting welfare among grassroots people. It is called PKK, which had been organized as a nationally uniform institution to mobilize people upon state initiative. Through cloth observation of its monthly meeting we tired to find out how it is functioning.On the other hand we did interviews with the inhabitants of this town who work as peddlers and street traders. We came to find out that most of them came from their home village counting on support by his relatives and fellow villagers who had already been in this city, and they usually engage in the same trade as his fellow villagers. They still maintain strong relation and network with their … More own village society and many of them are not really settled down in urban society. Therefore the newly coming-in inhabitants tend to be split into two groups, the one who are settled and involved into the activities in the formal neighboring associations and the other who are not.We also did research at near-by traditional market in order to understand the mechanism of city formation from the aspect of circulation of commodity and movement of people. We investigated such things as the history size, and management system of the market, as well as the social-economic background of both traders and shoppers.As a result we came to find out that the urban society is very diverse in the social strata of the inhabitants and there the market is functioning as the core of activity for the local community. Another finding is that about one third of the buyers at the market are small scale stall keepers who resell the commodity and food in their own neighborhood, and that they, in this way, support the existence of informal sector in the area.Besides field research we also collected data through newspaper for lowbrows.As a conclusion we came to know that in the process of urbanization in Jakarta, there are two main principles in organizing people that are contending each other : on the one hand formal and rigid neighborhood organization is functioning and on the other hand loose and informal network is formed around traditional market. Through the era of economic development this dualism in local community has been gradually formed. Less

本研究旨在对这一过程进行分析。印度尼西亚首都雅加达在苏哈托统治时期(1966-1998年)人口迅速增长，城市化进程加快，基层民众的组织原则也发生了变化。我们选择了南雅加达的Lenteng Agung镇作为研究领域。我们成立了一个妇女协会，旨在促进基层人民的福利。它被称为库尔德工人党，它是作为一个全国统一的机构组织起来的，目的是根据国家的倡议动员人们。通过对其每月例会的观察，我们努力了解它是如何运作的。另一方面，我们采访了这个小镇上从事小贩和街头小贩工作的居民。我们发现，他们大多来自老家，依靠他的亲戚和已经来过这个城市的老乡的支持，他们通常和他的老乡从事同样的生意。他们仍然与他们的…保持着牢固的关系和网络更多的人拥有乡村社会，他们中的许多人并没有真正融入城市社会。因此，新来的居民往往会被分为两类，一类是定居并参与正式邻会活动的群体，另一类是未参与正式邻会活动的群体。我们还对临近传统市场进行了研究，以期从商品流通和人员流动的角度来理解城市形成的机制。我们调查了市场的历史规模、管理制度以及商人和购物者的社会经济背景，结果发现，城市社会在居民的社会阶层中非常多样化，市场在那里发挥着当地社区活动的核心作用。另一个发现是，市场上约有三分之一的买家是小规模的摊主，他们在自己的社区转卖商品和食品，这样他们就支持了该地区非正规部门的存在。除了实地调研，我们还通过报纸收集了低端市场的数据。作为结论，我们得出结论，在雅加达城市化过程中，组织相互竞争的人有两个主要原则：一方面是正式和僵化的邻里组织发挥作用，另一方面是围绕传统市场形成松散和非正式的网络。通过经济发展的时代，这种地方社会的二元论逐渐形成。较少

项目成果

KURASAWA Aiko: "Field Note of Kampung in Jakarta"Chuo-Koron Shinsha. (2001)

仓泽爱子：《雅加达甘榜田野笔记》中央公论新社。

NAITO Tagayasu: "Structure of Shopkeepers in Pasar in South Jakarta"Bunmei Kenkyu. No.22. 55-72 (2004)

NAITO Tagayasu：“南雅加达巴刹的店主结构”文名研究。

内藤 耕: "ジャカルタ南部における市場(いちば)の機能--レンテン・アグン市場を事例として"文明研究(東海大学文明学会). 第21巻. 73-83 (2003)

Ko Naito：“雅加达南部市场的功能——四旬期阿贡市场的案例研究”文明研究（东海大学文明学会）第 21 卷 73-83（2003 年）。

内藤 耕: "ジャカルタ南部の市場(いちば)における常設店商人の構成"文明研究. 22. 55-72 (2004)

Ko Naito：“雅加达南部市场（市场）的常设商店商人的构成”Bunmei Kenkyu. 22. 55-72 (2004)。

倉沢愛子: "インドネシアの近隣自治"自治的コミュニティーの構築と近隣政府の選択. 223-226 (2002)

Aiko Kurasawa：“印度尼西亚的邻里自治”建立自治社区并选择邻里政府 223-226 (2002)。