Computational and Logical Analysis of Pressuposition

压力假设的计算和逻辑分析

• 批准号: 14580406
• 负责人: NAKAZAWA Tsuneko
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14580406/
• 关键词: presupposition; formal semantics; pragmatics; inference; abduction

It is well known that, in addition to truth-conditional meanings, dialogues give rise to secondary meaning known as presupposition which is derived from sentences contained in the dialogue. Presuppositions constitute a condition for a sentence to be assigned a truth value. For example, the sentence, "Taro regrets that he has studied cognitive science," is assigned a truth-value only because it presupposes that Taro has studied cognitive science. It cannot be always assumed that presuppositions are explicitly expressed by previous sentences in the dialogue, and therefore, it is necessary to calculate presupposed meanings based upon the preceding dialogue. Furthermore, presuppositions are realized, i.e. projected, in more than one way. In this research :(1)To isolate the way presuppositions are projected from preceding sentences, linguistic data have been collected and analyzed.(2)Based upon the data, the inference process to calculate the projected presuppositions has been formalized. The formalization is cast in the framework of Satisfaction Theory and Anaphoric Resolution, and the predictions made by the model has been evaluated.(3)The projection model has been embedded in a computer system for natural language processing, as part of its context analyzer.

众所周知，除了真值条件意义之外，对话还产生了被称为预设的第二意义，它来自对话中包含的句子。预设构成了一个句子被赋予真值的条件。例如，句子“Taro后悔他学习了认知科学”被赋予真值，只是因为它假定Taro学习了认知科学。不能总是假设预设是由对话中前面的句子明确表达的，因此，有必要根据前面的对话计算预设意义。此外，预设以不止一种方式实现，即投射。本研究的主要内容如下：（1）通过对语料的收集和分析，分离出预设在前句中的投射方式。（2）基于数据，形式化了计算投射预设的推理过程。形式化是在满意度理论和照应消解的框架下进行的，并对模型的预测结果进行了评价。（3）投影模型已经嵌入到用于自然语言处理的计算机系统中，作为其上下文分析器的一部分。

项目成果

心とことばの起源を探る-文化と認知

探索心灵和语言的起源——文化和认知

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 中澤 恒子(共訳)

Entailment of Arrival in Deictic Motion Verbs as Path-conflating verbs

指示运动动词中到达作为路径合并动词的蕴涵

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Meeting Handbook Linguistic Society of America
• 作者: Tsuneko Nakazawa

On Come and Go in English, Japanese, and Chinese : Why Do They Come While Others Go?

论英语、日语和汉语的来与去：为什么他们来，而其他人走？

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 42(発表予定)
• 作者: Tsuneko Nakazawa;畠山真一;Tsuneko Nakazawa.;Shinichi Hatakeyama.;Tsuneko Nakazawa;Tsuneko Nakazawa
• 通讯作者: Tsuneko Nakazawa

Come and go in English, Japanese, and Chinese ; Why do they come while others go?

英文、日文、中文来来去去；

• 期刊: Language, Information and Text 12 (in press)
• 作者: Tsuneaki Kato;et al.;Tsuneko Nakazawa;Tsuneko Nakazawa.
• 通讯作者: Tsuneko Nakazawa.

中澤恒子: "「来る」と「行く」の到着するところ"シリーズ言語科学4 対照言語学. 第4巻. 281-304 (2002)

中泽常子：“‘来’和‘去’到达的地方”系列语言学 4 对比语言学第 4 卷。281-304 (2002)。